Editorial Policy, Publication Ethics, and Complete Instructions for Authors
Editorial Policy and Publication Ethics
Editorial Focus
Academic Medicine, the Association of American Medical Colleges' (AAMC's) peer-reviewed monthly journal, serves as an international forum for the exchange of ideas, information, and strategies that address the major challenges facing the academic medicine community as it strives to carry out its missions in the public interest.
To be considered for publication in Academic Medicine, all submissions to the journal must address one or more of the key aspects of a major challenge facing academic medicine today. Submissions may fall within any of our stated editorial focus areas:
Education and training issues across the continuum, including premedical education, undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education, and continuing professional development, as well as interprofessional education.
Health policy as it relates to education, research, and clinical care.
Institutional policy and management of medical schools, faculties of medicine, and teaching hospitals, including financing medical education and managing research policies and practices.
Alignment of the health professions workforce with societal needs.
The culture and environment of academic medicine, including values, communication, professionalism, and professional identity.
The intersection of academic medicine's multiple missions, including education, research, patient care, and community and global health.
Advancing the field of health professions education research and scholarship.
Submissions may describe a practical approach to dealing with the issue addressed, add to readers' understanding of that issue, or both. Priority will be given to works that are likely to change thinking and/or practice. See Types of Manuscripts and Complete Instructions for Authors for detailed information about preparing a submission.
Ethical Considerations
Authorship
Qualifying for Authorship
Academic Medicine follows the Uniform Guidelines for Biomedical Journals Requirements of the ICMJE for determining authorship (Vancouver Group Guidelines, 2010).
Authorship is based on (1) substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (3) final approval of the version to be published, and (4) agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Authors must meet conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Acquisition of funding, collection of data, and/or general supervision of the research group does not, alone, justify authorship.
All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship, and all those who qualify should be listed; that is, the byline should include no honorary or ghost authors.
Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content.
All contributors who do not meet these criteria for authorship should be listed in the acknowledgments section (see Structured Disclosures). Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help or writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support.
Persons who have contributed materially to the paper but whose contributions do not justify authorship may be listed in the acknowledgements (see Structured Disclosures).
All authors should jointly make decisions about who is an author and who is a contributor before submitting the manuscript. All authors must approve in writing any change made to the listed authors after the manuscript is submitted (e.g., change in authorship order, removal or addition of an author). All changes must be explained in writing to the editor-in-chief, who may confirm these changes with one or more of the authors or contributors at his or her discretion. The editor-in-chief does not play a role in authorship/contributorship decisions and does not arbitrate conflicts related to authorship.
Number of Authors
In general, articles in Academic Medicine have six or fewer authors. However, everyone who qualifies for authorship based on the criteria above should be listed as an author on the manuscript. If your submission has more than six authors, please include a written description of how each author meets the four conditions for authorship listed above. Contributors who do not meet all four conditions can be recognized in the acknowledgments at the end of the manuscript (see Structured Disclosures).
Groups as Authors
When a large, multi-center group has conducted the work, the group should identify as authors the individuals who accept direct responsibility for the manuscript. These individuals should fully meet the criteria for authorship/contributorship defined above. When submitting a group-authored manuscript, the corresponding author should clearly identify all individual authors as well as the group name. Other members of the group may be listed under the group name in the acknowledgments at the end of the manuscript (see Structured Disclosures). The National Library of Medicine indexes the group name and the names of individuals whom the group has identified as being directly responsible for the manuscript; it also lists the names of collaborators if they are listed in the acknowledgments.
Co-First Authors
Co-first authorship is discouraged. We will consider co-first authors only in situations in which a compelling argument is made by the authors. If two authors wish to share the role of first author, the corresponding author should specify this in the submission and provide justification for the decision. To indicate co-first authorship, the published article will include a note that, "The authors have informed the journal that they agree that both Author A and Author B completed the intellectual and other work typical of the first author."
Terms of Consideration
Manuscripts are considered for publication with the understanding that they are not under consideration by other journals and have not been published in the same or substantially similar form previously.
Prior and Duplicate Publication
At submission, authors must explain any prior publication (including any electronic publication, such as a blog post) of the same or a substantially similar manuscript, or partial disclosure of data, as well as circumstances that might lead the editor-in-chief, deputy or associate editors, reviewers, or editorial staff to believe (1) that the manuscript may have been published elsewhere (e.g., when the title of a submitted manuscript is the same as or similar to the title of a previously published article), or (2) that the manuscript or one very similar to it may have been published in or submitted to Academic Medicine previously.
Short abstracts (250-300 words) of preliminary research findings presented in conference proceedings are not considered prior publications.
Multiple Submissions From One Project
In general, all findings from a single study should be reported in a single manuscript rather than dividing a project into a series of "minimum publishable units." We do recognize, however, that in some cases, it is appropriate to develop multiple submissions based on a single project, and we would encourage authors, in such cases, to submit all manuscripts to the same journal so they can be evaluated together. Occasions when it might be appropriate to submit multiple manuscripts from a single project include but are not limited to distinctly different research questions being posed about the same data set, reanalysis (new questions) of a data set suggested by subsequent experience, and large segments of complex analyses that do not easily fit within normal length limitations and can be seen as freestanding components.
Always clearly disclose at the time of submission any previous or planned submissions from the same study, project, or data set by noting this in the submission form. Also, related publications should be referenced in the manuscript.
Circumstances that suggest inappropriate prior or duplicate publication include but are not limited to (1) cases where the results of the same study are divided into different manuscripts (e.g., findings for faculty are reported in one and findings for residents are reported in another), one of which is submitted to Academic Medicine and another of which is submitted either to Academic Medicine or elsewhere, and/or (2) cases in which data from the same study are analyzed in different ways to produce apparently different manuscripts.
Preprint Repositories
Preprint repositories are online platforms for publicly sharing unpublished work. Academic Medicine will consider on a case-by-case basis submissions that have been previously posted in a preprint repository. At the time of submission, the authors must disclose in the submission form the preprint posting of the manuscript and must provide a link to that posting if it is still active.
Submitting to Both Academic Medicine and MedEdPORTAL
MedEdPORTAL is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal of standalone, complete teaching or learning modules that have been tested and are ready for implementation. MedEdPORTAL does not publish traditional articles; rather, it publishes the actual educational material or tool. Authors who submit educational materials to MedEdPORTAL may also submit manuscripts about their educational materials to Academic Medicine and vice versa. For example, an author might submit an innovative learning module to MedEdPORTAL and submit a General Scholarly Article to Academic Medicine that presents an in-depth description and analysis of the implementation plus robust outcomes of that learning module. The two submissions should be distinct, and there should be no reused or overlapping text between the two submissions. For example, MedEdPORTAL would not consider publishing a tool that had already been submitted to or published in Academic Medicine as an appendix to an article; similarly, Academic Medicine would not consider publishing an article that used the same language published in a MedEdPORTAL Educational Summary Report. If submitting to both MedEdPORTAL and Academic Medicine, the authors should disclose at the time of submission that they have sent a related submission to the other publication.
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