2023/9/28 18:07:42 阅读：188 发布者：
非谓语动词属于英语语法的三座大山之一，无论在考试中还是平时的英语阅读中所起的作用都举足轻重。但是，对于这么重要的语法内容，很多同学们却怎么学都学不透，要么完全不懂、做题时全靠“感觉”；要么一知半解，能跳过则跳过。其实，只要方法正确，遇到有关非谓语动词的题目时就会迎刃而解，更令人开心的是，在平时的英语阅读中再也不需要绕道而行了！
一. 非谓语动词的含义
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二. 非谓语动词的形式
非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：
1. 不定式
①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）
②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）
③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）
④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）
⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）
⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）
例如：
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.
要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
老师进来时，她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.
据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.
据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.
据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词
①基本形式：doing （表示主动）
②被动式：being done（表示被动）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
例如：
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.
Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.
我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.
很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。
3. 现在分词
①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）
②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
He sat there，reading a newspaper.
他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.
这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.
完成作业后，我开始看电视。
Having been told many times，she still can t remember it.
已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。
非谓语动词的否定形式：
在非谓语动词前加not。
非谓语动词的复合结构：
①for sb.to do sth.（sb.是to do的逻辑主语）
②one's doing（one是doing的逻辑主语）
例如：
For Tom to learn a foreign language is too difficult.
相当于It is too difficult for Tom to learn a foreign language.
句意：对汤姆来说学习一门外语太难了。（Tom 是to learn a foreign language的逻辑主语。）
例如：Do you mind Tom's smoking?
句意：你介意汤姆吸烟吗？（Tom是smoking的逻辑主语。）
4. 过去分词：done
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
polluted river 被污染的河流
fallen leaves 落叶
注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。
三. 非谓语动词的作用
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。
1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）
学会一门外语是很难的。
It’s easy to see their aunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）
很容易见到他们的姑姑。
Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）
汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。
His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）
他的愿望是当一名司机。
I have nothing to say.（作定语）
我没有什么可说的。
The teacher told us to do morning exercises . （作宾语补足语）
老师让我们做早操。
They went to see their aunt. （目的状语）
他们去见他们的姑姑。
2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。
Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）
学英语非常困难。
I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）
我已经习惯了住农村。
His job is driving a bus.（作表语）
他的工作是开车。
3. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。
The story is interesting.
这个故事有趣。
He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）
他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）
这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）
他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。
4. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。
He is interested in the news.（作表语）
他对这则消息很感兴趣。
polluted river（做定语）
被污染的河流
Given more time,I can do my work better.（做状语）
如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。
I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）
我发现我的手表被偷了。
四. 非谓语动词重难点
1. 须用省去to 的不定式（do）作宾补的11个动词。
五看（see、watch、notice、observe、look at）
两听（hear、listen to）
三使（make、let、have）
一感觉（feel）
根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。
例如：
I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
昨天，我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。
注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。
see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......
I see him make the phone call.
我看到他打了电话。（他打电话的整个动作我都看见了）
I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打电话。（强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.）
We often see him surrounded by much work.
我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.
2.只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词
want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse
3. 只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做）
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 计划做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
5. 所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语，如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。
五. 非谓语动词的解题步骤
1. 判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。
①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。
②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。
③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。
2. 判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。
和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式（to be doing和doing）；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用（to do和to be done）；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用（to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done）。
例如下面几题：
（1）_____ all my money>A. Spending
B. Spend
C. To spend
D. Having spent
【答案与解析】D “已经花了所有的钱买车”做时间状语，所以其逻辑主语应是句子主语“我”。“我”与“花钱”之间应该是主动关系，并且“花钱”发生在谓语动作“can’t afford a holiday”之前，所以非谓语动词应用主动和完成的含义，故选“D”。
（2）An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.
A. designing
B. designed
C. to be designed
D. being designed
【答案与解析】B “设计”在这里是定语，修饰其前的“an exercise method”，所以其逻辑主语应该是它的被修饰词“an exercise method”，所以表被动。因为“设计”这个动词在这里本身已经完成，所以应用表示被动完成含义的designed。
（3）Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.
A. known
B. knowing
C. to know
D. know
【答案与解析】A ”知道，了解“在这里做宾补，所以其逻辑主语是其前的宾语”yourself“，”yourself“和”知道，了解“在这里是被动关系，所以选择过去分词”known“。
六. 非谓语动词真题练习
2023
2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷
To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出)...
【答案】 to bite
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷
Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷
Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket ...
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷
...yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____ (want) more next time.
【答案】wanting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
2023全国甲卷
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
【答案】 to teach
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
2023全国甲卷
...her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】borrowing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
2023全国甲卷
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
【答案】intended
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
2023全国乙卷
...it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads.
【答案】built
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
2023全国乙卷
____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years...
【答案】Having visited
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
2023全国乙卷
As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.
【答案】recording
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
2023年2月四省联考
One agency, ____37____(base) in Woodbridge, is expected ____38____(receive) $1. 5 million.
【答案】37.based
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一家机构，总部在Woodbridge，预计将获得150万美元。分析句子可知，“(base) in Woodbridge”作定语，base与One agency是被动关系，故用过去分词，故填based。
【答案】38.to receive
【解析】考查不定式。句意同上。be expected to do sth.“被预计……”，用不定式作主语补足语，故填to receive。
2023年2月四省联考
The agency director says that they will focus their resources on ____39____(educate) the homeless.
【答案】 educating
【解析】考查动名词。句意：该机构负责人表示，他们将把资源集中在教育无家可归者上。介词后接动名词作宾语，故填educating。
2023年1月浙江卷
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____58____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
2022
2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷
__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
2022全国甲卷
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案：to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
2022全国甲卷
Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
2022全国甲卷
He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
2022全国乙卷
__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：to strengthen; inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
2022浙江卷1月
That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue）the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
答案：astonished
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
【2021年】
2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷
But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________（astonish）.
答案：astonished
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished.
（2021·全国甲卷·语法填空·T3）
It is possible ___3___ (walk)or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
2021全国甲卷 （语法填空·T4）
After ___4___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at thewall, we…
【答案】spending
【解析】
考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
2021全国乙卷 （语法填空·T1）
It is different from traditional tourism because it allows thetraveler to become ___1___(educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographicalconditions and cultural characteristics…
【答案】educated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，educate与traveler之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，故填educated。
2021全国乙卷 （语法填空·T7）
Minimize the impact of ___7___(visit)theplace.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
2021全国乙卷 （语法填空·T10）
Activities thererange from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ____10____(have)a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
2021新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空·T5
But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ___5____(astonish).
【答案】astonished
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾非谓语动词。故填astonished。
2021新高考Ⅰ卷 （语法填空·T8）
…where you can sit down to rest your ____8____ (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用现在分词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
2021·浙江卷·语法填空·T8）
A long- time neighbor said they never plantedtrees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace,often came over ___8___（plant）flowers in the frontyard.
【答案】to plant
【解析】
考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
2021·全国甲卷·短文改错
Theiranswers also show that they dislike talk to others.
【答案】talk→talking
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doingsth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
八省联考
1.Like many other students, you may have various people, 56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.
【答案】including
句意为“像许多其他学生一样，可能会有各种各样的人，包括你的家人 和朋友，为你上哪所大学提供意见”。空白处应填介词 including 。
浙江卷
1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
1.【答案】studied
考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，该句谓语动词为had，故此空考查study的非谓语动词形式，此处作countries的后置定语；而countries与study之间为被动关系，且“研究”是已经完成了的动作，故填studied。
2. 【答案】living
考查非谓语动词。此空考查live的非谓语动词形式，此处作people的后置定语；而people与live之间为主动关系，故填living。
【2020年】
全国卷 I
1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特
2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
【答案】frying改为fried
考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3. My mom told me how to preparing it.
【答案】preparing改为prepare
考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
全国卷 Ⅱ
1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comeback to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.
【答案】decorated
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.
【答案】 to care
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填tocare。
全国卷 III
1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.
【答案】to find
考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
【答案】 surrounding
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
山东卷
1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.
【答案】walking
考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
浙江卷
1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.
【答案】to change
考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas， 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
【答案】making
考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
江苏卷
1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A. combined with B. combining with
C. having combined with D. to be combined with
【答案】A
考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
2019 年
全国卷 I
1. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
该句为 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构，主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系，但需用不定式的主动式作状语。
2. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
【答案】noting
介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。
3. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
【答案】say → saying
全国卷 II
1. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】being
介词后用动词 -ing 形式作宾语。
2. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。
3. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
【答案】saying
名词 call 与 say 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
全国卷 III
1. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.
【答案】to get
分析句子结构可知，it takes + 时间 + to do sth 中，it 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
2. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】 listening
主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。
3. Now my dream is to opens a pen cafe.
【答案】opens → open
4. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
【答案】manage → managing
浙江卷
1. But some students didn't want 63 (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。
2018 年
全国卷 I
1.You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
【答案】 to see
根据句意 “要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see 作目的状语。
【答案】dying
介词后用 die 的动名词形式 dying。
2. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
【答案】sell → selling
全国卷 II
1. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve
根据语境 “改善水质” 是 “政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。
2. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide", says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】 feeding
when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。
3. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.
【答案】watching → watch
全国卷 III
1. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).
【答案】 (64) looking
avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth 意为 “避免做某事”。
(65).challenged
主语 he 与 challenge（对……挑战）之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
2. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.
【答案】to stay
allow sb to do sth是固定结构，意为 “允许某人做某事”，因此应填 to stay。
3. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
【答案】wait → waiting
浙江卷
1. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
【答案】 visiting
remember doing sth 意为 “记得做过某事”。
2017 年
全国卷 I
1. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【答案】to process
根据语境“需要它们（脂肪和盐）来处理食物” 和关键词required 可知，此处应填 to process。
2. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【答案】eating
“by+动名词”作方式状语。此处意为 “吃大量的快餐，人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的盐和油脂”。
全国卷 II
1. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
【答案】 laying
63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列结构，因此用 laying。
2. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
【答案】pick → to pick
全国卷 III
1. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest).
【答案】 resting
spend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构, 故填 resting。
2. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】to prove
want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。
浙江卷
1. Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal.
【答案】to cook
由语境“Pahlsson 摘掉戒指去做饭”可知，不定式短语作状语，表目的。
2. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
【答案】 swept
句子主语 ring 与 sweep 之间为被动关系， 因此用过去分词形式。
全国卷 I
1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【答案】
1.(66) permitted
被修饰的名词和 permit 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
(67) introducing
include后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语，故填 introducing。
全国卷 II
1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home.
【答案】 to bring
be likely to do sth 是固定结构，意为“可能做某事”，故填 to bring。
2. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
【答案】 take → taking
全国卷 III
1. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.
【答案】 to create
根据句意可知，这里用不定式表目的，故填 to create。
2. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
【答案】using
根据语境可知，use的逻辑主语是 people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填 using。
3. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
【答案】wear → wearing
2015 年
全国卷 I
1. A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
【答案】conducted
主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
2. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick gateways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【答案】 living
被修饰的名词与 live 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
全国卷 II
1. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 64 (use) electric equipment.
【答案】(61)built
名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
(64) using
介词后用动名词形式，故填 using。
2. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
【答案】 to cool
该句为“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构, 故填 to cool。
3. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.
【答案】looks → looking
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