数字化转型对企业创新产出的非线性影响研究

数字化转型对企业创新产出的非线性影响研究

罗瑾琏1,王象路1,耿新2

2.山东财经大学 工商管理学院，山东 济南 250014)

摘要：在数字经济加速发展的背景下，企业能否通过数字技术驱动创新能力提升，成为其实现提质增效乃至获取核心竞争力的关键所在，但现有研究对数字化转型与创新产出的关系仍存在较大争议。本文基于中国上市公司2007—2020年A股上市公司的数据，实证检验了数字化转型对企业创新产出的非线性影响及其作用机制。结果显示，数字化转型对企业创新产出存在倒U型影响，即随着数字化程度由低向高的转变，企业创新绩效呈现先上升后下降的非线性演化趋势，以上结论在经过一系列内生性检验后依然成立。机制检验表明，研发授权和人力资本结构在企业数字化转型和创新产出之间发挥倒U型中介作用。本文研究结论丰富并拓展了数字化转型与企业创新效益之间的非线性逻辑探索，为企业完善数字化转型战略并提升创新效益提供了经验证据和决策支持。

关键词：数字化转型；创新产出；研发授权；人力资本结构

主要研究结论：近年来，随着数字经济的加速发展，数字化转型也深深镌刻在传统企业的沿革之中。本文采用2007—2020年中国A股上市公司数据，实证考察了数字化转型对企业创新的非线性影响，并从研发授权与人力资本结构的角度解析其内在作用机制。研究发现：

(1)企业数字化转型对创新产出表现为倒U型影响，随着数字化程度由低向高的转变，企业创新产出呈现先上升后下降的非线性演化趋势。

(2)研发授权在数字化转型与创新产出的关系中发挥非线性中介作用。数字技术将推动企业信息成本曲线上移和代理成本曲线下移而下放研发权力，但部门决策和资源约束的局限也随着研发权力下放而增加，使研发授权在数字化转型与创新产出间发挥倒U型中介作用。

(3)人力资本结构在数字化转型与创新产出中发挥非线性中介作用。数字技术引入将通过“替代效应”与“互补效应”以优化企业人力资本结构，但超前的数字化建设将对人力资本投资产生挤出效应，使得人力资本结构在数字化转型与创新产出间表现为倒U型中介作用。

Research on the nonlinear impact of digital transformation on innovation output of enterprises

Luo Jinlian1, Wang Xianglu1, Geng Xin2

(1. School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;

2. School of Business Administration, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China)

Under the background of the accelerated development of digital economy, human economy and society has rapidly entered a "digital" era. Driven by both policy orientation and practical development, digital transformation is also deeply engraved in the evolution of Chinese enterprises. Although digital technology provides new development opportunities, the effect of digital transformation of most enterprises in practice is not ideal. It should be noted that the essence of digital transformation lies in the reconstruction of productivity and whether enterprises carry out all-round innovation with digital technology in the process of transformation is the key to realize digital drive and build core competitiveness. However, the research on enterprise digital transformation and innovation output has long been controversial. For that reason, a more systematic study on how digital transformation affects enterprise innovation output and what is the internal mechanism of the complex relationship between digital transformation and innovation output has significant theoretical value and practical significance.

Based on the data of A-share listed companies in China from 2007 to 2020, this paper empirically tested the nonlinear impact of digital transformation on enterprise innovation output and its mechanism. In the research design, this paper used the natural logarithm of the number of invention patents to measure the innovation output. Meanwhile, the ratio of digital intangible assets to total intangible assets and the natural logarithm of the frequency of digital related words in the annual reports of listed companies were used to measure the digitization degree of enterprises. The empirical analysis results showed that digital transformation has a significant inverted U-shaped impact on enterprise innovation output. With the transformation of digital degree from low to high, enterprise innovation performance presents a nonlinear evolution trend of first rising and then falling. The above conclusions are still valid after the endogenous tests of enterprise level and industry level with the fixed effect model, two-stage least squares model, sys-GMM dynamic panel model and a series of robustness tests.

The further mechanism tests by stepwise regression and bootstrap sampling showed that R&D authorization and human capital structure play an inverted U-shaped mediated role between digital transformation and innovation output. On the one hand, digital technology promotes the upward movement of the information cost curve and the downward movement of the agency cost curve to realize R&D authorization, but the limitations of departmental decision-making and resource constraints increase accordingly, making R&D authorization play an inverted U-shaped mediated role between digital transformation and innovation output; On the other hand, digital technology optimizes the human capital structure of enterprises through "substitution effect" and "complementary effect", but the advanced digital construction has a crowding out effect on human capital investment, making the human capital structure act as an inverted U-shaped intermediary between digital transformation and innovation output.

The conclusion has enriched and expanded the nonlinear logical exploration between digital transformation and enterprise innovation benefits, and provided important enlightenment for enterprises to improve digital transformation strategy and improve innovation benefits from the following aspects: (1) enterprises should grasp the opportunity of the rapid development of digital economy, actively and steadily implement digital transformation, and continuously improve the integration of enterprises and digital technology in the process of transformation. Meanwhile, At the same time, enterprises need to combine their resource capacity endowment in digital construction to avoid the negative effect of blindly expanding digital investment on innovation output. (2) When using digital technology to reconstruct and integrate the original innovation mode, enterprises should attach great importance to the allocation of R&D power suitable for digitization, and make systematic planning according to the organizational characteristics. (3) Highly skilled talents should play a key role in the process of digital transformation. When introducing digital technology, enterprises should not only systematically consider the coordination of digital investment and human capital investment, but also strengthen the work commitment to employees and give full play to the role of human capital structure in promoting innovation output.

Key words:digital transformation; innovation output; R&D authorization; human capital structure

引用本文：罗瑾琏,王象路,耿新.数字化转型对企业创新产出的非线性影响研究[J].科研管理,2023,44(8):1-10.

转自：“科研管理”微信公众号

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