教师课前准备工作和思路
课前教师应该了解学生的需求进行摸底，了解学生对翻转课堂方法和语法主题的偏好、学习风格和需求。根据调查结果制定教学计划，结合学生的需求，重点关注过去时和现在完成时。教学计划应包括：
A. Pre-class activities
B. In-class activities
Introduction and grammar explanations
Peer-to-peer learning
Listening comprehension
Speaking practice
Writing activity
Reflection and feedback
C. Post-class activities
注意要点
1.使用过去时和现在完成时的具体例子来说明语法规则和练习活动。例如：
Past Tense: She walked to the store yesterday.
Present Perfect Tense: She has walked to the store three times this week.
2.执行教学计划并监控学生的进步，对他们的口语和写作提供及时、具体的反馈，解决过去时和现在完成时的任何误用。
3.征求学生对翻转课堂方法和所涵盖的语法主题的反馈，根据他们的反馈进行必要的调整。
4. 在课程结束时，总结概述并提醒学生有关过去时和现在完成时的用法，强调关键点并鼓励学生继续练习。
教案
通过遵循下面的教学计划，教师可根据自己的实际教学需要来实施自己的过去时和现在完成时的翻转课堂教学。较为详细的建议对于新手教师更有益处。
Lesson Title: Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense: A Flipped Classroom Approach
Objective: Students will be able to understand and apply the rules of past tense and present perfect tense in various contexts, catering to their different learning levels, and practice their speaking, listening, understanding, comprehension, and writing skills.
Materials Required:
1.Grammar resources: videos, articles, and example sentences for advanced and intermediate students.
2. Short, easy-to-understand videos for beginner students.
3. Interactive activity materials: worksheets, prompts, and games.
4. Audio recordings or videos for listening comprehension exercises.
5. Writing prompts for practicing past tense and present perfect tense.
Lesson Plan:
1.Pre-class Activities (Individual Work)
a. Share grammar resources and videos on past tense and present perfect tense with students.
b. Assign students to watch the videos and read the articles before the class.
c. Ask students to take notes and prepare questions on the grammar topics.
2. In-class Activities
a. Introduction (5 minutes)
i. Greet students and briefly introduce the lesson's objectives.
ii. Review past tense and present perfect tense rules using the provided examples.
iii. Ask students if they have any questions or confusion about the grammar rules.
b. Peer-to-peer learning (15 minutes)
i. Divide students into pairs or small groups.
ii. Instruct students to discuss their understanding of past tense and present perfect tense, using their pre-class notes and questions.
iii. Encourage students to help each other clarify any confusion and share their insights.
iv. Monitor the discussions and provide assistance as needed.
c. Listening comprehension (10 minutes)
i. Play an audio recording or video featuring past tense and present perfect tense.
ii. Instruct students to listen and identify instances of the two tenses.
iii. After playing the recording, lead a class discussion about the context in which each tense was used.
d. Speaking practice (10 minutes)
i. Divide students into pairs or small groups.
ii. Provide them with speaking prompts that require using past tense and present perfect tense.
iii. Instruct students to take turns describing past experiences and ongoing actions using the tenses.
iv. Encourage students to ask questions and engage in conversation.
v. Monitor the discussions and provide feedback on tense usage.
e. Writing activity (15 minutes)
i. Provide students with writing prompts that require using past tense and present perfect tense.
ii. Instruct students to write a short paragraph focusing on correct tense usage.
iii. Walk around the classroom, monitor students' progress, and provide feedback on their writing.
f. Reflection and feedback (5 minutes)
i. Ask students to share their experiences, challenges, and successes from the lesson.
ii. Address any remaining questions or concerns.
iii. Discuss any necessary adjustments to the flipped classroom approach.
3.Post-class Activities (Individual Work)
a. Assign students to complete a homework assignment applying past tense and present perfect tense rules in various contexts.
b. Provide personalized feedback on their homework and monitor their progress.
课堂教学实例（主要片段）
Lesson Title: Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense: A Flipped Classroom Approach
Lesson Plan:
Introduction (5 minutes)
Teacher:Good morning, everyone! Today, we'll be focusing on past tense and present perfect tense. Can someone tell me the difference between these two tenses?
Student 1: Past tense is used for actions that happened in the past, while present perfect tense is used for actions that started in the past and continue to the present or have a connection to the present.
Teacher:That's correct! Let's start with some examples to practice identifying each tense.
Peer-to-peer learning (15 minutes)
Teacher: Now, I'd like you to work in pairs. Discuss the examples you've seen in the pre-class videos and articles. Try to help each other understand when to use past tense and when to use present perfect tense.
(Students work in pairs, discussing the grammar rules and examples from the pre-class materials.)
Student 2: In the video, they said that we use the present perfect tense when the exact time of the action is not important. So, we can say, "I have visited Paris" if we don't need to say when it happened.
Student 3: Right, but if we want to talk about a specific time in the past, we should use the past tense, like "I visited Paris last year."
Listening comprehension (10 minutes)
Teacher: I will now play an audio recording of a conversation between two friends. Listen carefully and identify instances of past tense and present perfect tense in their dialogue. We'll discuss the context in which each tense was used afterward.
(After playing the audio recording, the teacher leads a discussion about the instances of past tense and present perfect tense in the conversation.)
Student 4: I heard the present perfect tense when one of the friends said, "I have been to that restaurant a few times."
Student 5: And I noticed the past tense when the other friend said, "I went there last week."
Speaking practice (10 minutes)
Teacher: In pairs, I'd like you to take turns sharing a past experience and something you've done recently. Please make sure to use the correct tense in your sentences.
(Student pairs discuss their past experiences and recent activities using past tense and present perfect tense.)
Student 6: I went to a concert last month.
Student 7: I have listened to that band's new album twice this week.
Writing activity (15 minutes)
Teacher: Now let's practice writing using past tense and present perfect tense. I'd like each of you to write a short paragraph about a memorable experience you had in the past and a skill or hobby you've developed over time. Make sure to use the correct tense in your sentences.
(Students write their paragraphs using past tense and present perfect tense. The teacher walks around the classroom to monitor and provide support as needed.)
Reflection and feedback (5 minutes)
Teacher: Before we end today's lesson, let's share some experiences, challenges, and successes. How did you find the lesson? Was the flipped classroom approach helpful? Any challenges you faced or any adjustments you'd like to suggest?
Student 8: I liked the flipped classroom approach because it gave me time to understand the grammar rules before the class. But I think I need more practice to feel confident using these tenses.
Teacher: Thank you for sharing! Remember, practice makes perfect. We'll continue working on these tenses in future lessons, and don't hesitate to ask for help whenever needed.
结语
上述较为详细的教学计划为大家提供了师生课堂鲜活的互动示例，并展示了在真实课堂环境中翻转课程应该如何设计和实施，其中尤其关注对教师备课的指导、教师如何关注学生的回应，以及在实施教案过程中如何掌控各种活动，从而让学生的参与达到最大化，达到以学生为中心的教学目的。通过遵循上述的教学计划，尤其是新手教师可以确保为学生提供互动和有效的学习体验，在翻转课堂的背景下顺利完成过去时和现在完成时的教学任务。最后说明一点，作为英语教师，应该要使用英语来写教案，同时还要争取尽可能地使用英语来授课，所以本教案采用英文撰写。希望我的分享能够对大家的教学改革与创新有所帮助。
转自：“郑新民谈英语教学与研究”微信公众号
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