高考阅读理解到底考什么？
大家对高考阅读理解试题的分析主要是在命题技术上，分析来分析去，其结果只能是，细节题考查了几个，主旨大意题考查了几个，推理判断题考了几个，猜词考了几个，主题是什么，今年什么题型增加了，什么题型减少了。其实，这都不是关键。我们不要过多的纠结主题和题型。主题和题型是根据命题人的需要和语篇理解的需要而设置的。
因此，我们在分析高考阅读理解题时，更重要是要关注的命题人的意图，或者说考查目的。高考阅读理解考查的目的是考查学生如何有效阅读（方法）以及对文章内容正确或准确理解（目的）。
如果我们仔细分析每年高考阅读理解的文章及试题，就会发现，阅读部分词汇量并不低，而且长难句每一篇都很普遍，但是，高考阅读的语篇逻辑层次很清晰，问题定位到原文关键句也不难。这可能是因为高考英语时间有限。如果我们计算一下每道大题的答题时间，我们就会发现具体到阅读上每篇文章只有6-7分钟。这么短时间，那么多试题，如果再在文章理解上设置很多障碍，好学生肯定也完成不了。因此，未来的阅读理解题大概率会成为直接信息查找题为主，简单的推理判断为辅。因此，我们平时阅读模拟题在语篇层次上或定位句寻找上不要再为难学生。
高考阅读理解试题的选材和命题特点：
第一、话题新颖、语篇逻辑层清晰；
第二、围绕语篇逻辑层次设问，而不是针对某个次要的具体信息。设问构成一个逻辑链。
经统计，在近几年高考中考查的说明文约占阅读理解总篇数的 58％，在英语阅读理解试题中所占的比重是最大的，C篇或D篇基本上是说明文。说明文一般生词，长难句较多，学生普通感觉难度较大。说明文一般结构清晰，一般为总分或总分总结构。因此，在阅读文本时从结构入手，有利于学生快速而正确地定位问题答案所在位置。一般而言，大多数说明文的结构是：
D(2022年全国高考一卷)
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
(the result of the research)
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. (reason of conducting the research)
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.)
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.(discovery and possible explanation
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.(further evidence)
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
(significance of the research )
D篇：
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
12题题干——研究结果（新发现）。
13题题干——进一步说明新发现（解释）。
14 题题干——进一步论证。
15题题干——对研究结果的评价或观点，照应首段。
通过题干可以得出大意：人类进化过程中，语音的变化（譬如后来的labiodentals音的诞生）是什么原因，研究也论证了这一点。
这种文章命题主要围绕：
1.discovery是什么？
2.如何论证discovery：列数据，作比较、举例子、引用是最常用的四种。
3.对discovery的看法：是如何影响社会、大众的态度、某个教授等个人的态度、未来前景等。
譬如：
研究结果：Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.对应题目：12题。
解释新发现：They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.对应题目13题：Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
进一步论证：Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age…说的是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证对应题目：14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
对discovery的看法: The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily … but rather the huge variety of …对应最后一题。
通过对试题的分析，我们对高考阅读理解试题的选材和命题方向应该更清晰了：文章话题新颖（从文章看，本文是属于比较冷门的话题了，话题越陌生，对考生越公平）、语篇逻辑层清晰，围绕语篇逻辑层次设问，理解的重点是与文章主题相关的重要信息，而不是针对某个次要的具体信息。设问完整地构成了一个逻辑链。
转自：“初高中英语学科教研”微信公众号
如有侵权，请联系本站删除！
