当学生在课堂上回答错误时，教师应该如何纠错呢？针对这一问题，我们展开了搜索调查，并想在今天的推送中和大家一起分享学习~
一
corrective feedback
英国语言学家Rod Ellis（2009）研究认为，在指出错误和纠正答案这两个环节上，各有两种处理问题的方式：
1. 指出错误：Explicit vs. Implicit（明示vs.暗示）
2. 纠正答案：Input-providing vs. Output-prompting（直接输入vs.引导输出）
那么在这两个维度下，我们一起来看看有哪些可用的纠错方式吧！
二
具体活动举例
1、Recast
In speaking, a recast is a corrected answer given by the teacher to a student who has made an error. The teacher effectively repeats what the student has said but in a corrected form.
教师不直接指出学生错误的地方，而是通过变换形式替学生说出正确答案。
Example 1
T: What did you do yesterday afternoon?
S: We go to shopping yesterday.
T: Oh, you went shopping yesterday afternoon.
Example 2
S: Before someone will takes it.
T: Before someone takes it.
2、Repetition
教师用重音强调学生错误的部分，暗示学生自行改正。
Example
S: I will showed you.
T: I will SHOWED you.
3、Clarification request
Clarification request指要求澄清，教师不能理解学生的错误表述，暗示学生更为清晰地回答。
Example
S: I'm go sleep early.
T: I'm sorry. You will do what?
教师可以使用以下句子来要求澄清:
How to ask for clarification
* What do you mean by...?
* Do you mean...?
* Could you clarify that, please?
* I beg your pardaon?
* I'm not quite sure I follow you.
4、Explicit correction
Explicit error correction is clearly explained using deliberate, corrective feedback and is more often used for written language development.
教师直接指出并说明学生的错误，并替学生改正。
Example
S: On May.
T: Not on May. In May. We say, "It will start in May."
5、Elicitation
The teacher directly elicits the correct form from the student by asking questions (e.g., "How do we say that in French?"), by pausing to allow the student to complete the teacher's utterance (e.g., "It's a....") or by asking students to reformulate the utterance (e.g., "Say that again.").
教师重复学生的句子，在错误的地方停顿，暗示学生更正并回答。
Example
S: I'll come if it will not rain.
T: I'll come if it...?
6、Paralinguistic signal
辅助暗示指的是教师通过手势、表情等肢体语言暗示学生表达错误让其更正。
Example
S: Yesterday I go to school.
T: (右手食指在空中划向左边，暗示过去时态)
7、Metalinguistic explanation
Without providing the correct form, the teacher poses questions or provides comments or information related to the formation of the student's utterance (for example, "Do we say it like that?" "That's not how you say it in French," and "Is it feminine?")
元语言解释指教师用专业知识或概念指出学生错误之处，让学生有机会改正。
Example
S: I have many furnitures in my room.
T: Countable?
S: Oh yes. I have a lot of furniture in my room.
来源 | UEL
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