Abstract
英文摘要中常用一般现在时、一般过去时，少用现在完成时、过去完成时，进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。在介绍背景资料时，如果句子的内容为不受时间影响的普遍事实，应使用一般现在时；当强调研究内容对现在的影响时，应使用现在完成时。当叙述研究目的或主要研究活动时，如果采用“论文导向”，多使用一般现在时，如果采用“研究导向”，则使用一般过去时(例 1)。当叙述实验结果时，通常使用一般过去时(例2)。当叙述结论或建议时，可使用一般现在时和情态动词。
例1: This review systematically discussed several aspects of nuclear welded structural materials EAC in current research.
例2: All the kinetic data were described by a first-order model.
1. Introduction
引言一般包括很多内容。研究背景中一些被广泛认同的论点应该采用一般现在时(例3)；研究的重要性和研究目的也应采用一般现在时(例4)。
例3:The primary pressure equipment in the primary circuit of a nuclear power plant includes the pressure vessel, steam generator, and pressurizer, all of which are connected to the main piping through a DMWJ.
例4: This paper aims to provide a critical review for the crack growth driving force of EAC in welded structures of NPPs.
对于文献结果的总结，有一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时三种。一般现在时用于作者本人认为文献报道的情况仍然适用于当前的研究(例5)；一般过去时用于之前研究结果的客观总结(例6)；现在完成时的肯定形式表示研究结果报道的是可信的内容，足以作为本研究的基础，否定形式一般用于表示某方面的研究较少(例7)。
例5: The results indicate that plays a significant role in the process of EAC.
例6: Xue et al. investigated the influence of DMWJ mechanical heterogeneity on the EAC crack growth path..
例7: A lot of research has been conducted on the reaction rate of ZVl, but the relationship between reaction rate and electron efficiency has not been widely addressed.
2. Materials and Methods
这部分的时态较为简单，由于描述的是过去的动作，所以应使用一般过去时，注意不使用完成时(例8)。
例8:Samples were taken at given time points.
特别地，描述文中的图表的语句应用一般现在时(例9)。
例9:Fig. 2 shows experimental data on the EAC crack growth rates.
3. Results and Discussion
一般来说，描述实验结果的语句用一般过去时，解释结果的语句用一般现在时(例10)。但如果作者认为提出的解释仅仅适用于该次实验，用一般过去时(例11)。
例10: As the results were not consistent with those at lower temperature, it is possible that the catalyst can be deactivated at high temperature.
例11:Inconsistent results were obtained under this condition. which was due to the sampling method employed in this study
文中图表的描述应用一般现在时(例12)。
例12: Figure 3 shows the kinetic data.
4. Conclusions
结论中用一般过去时表达本文的结果，用一般现在时表达未来的研究方向(例13)。
例13: This study found that this method can accelerate contaminant removal. Further studies are necessary to reveal the involved mechanisms.
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