01
简明的表达
当将学术论文的某些部分添加到摘要时，您可能会发现，尽管这些部分简化了摘要的含义并使其更易于理解，但实际上只是添加了多余的单词，并没有给论文摘要带来更多的含义。这个时候就要仔细阅读草稿，删除不必要的单词。以下是一些技巧：
1. 避免在一个句子中使用具有相同含义的不同单词
错误表达：
Thus, both two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are obtained from one molecule of glucose.
正确表达：
Thus, both molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are obtained from one molecule of glucose.
因此，两个3-磷酸甘油醛分子都是从一个葡萄糖分子中获得的。
2. 使用直接动词代替复杂的名词
错误表达：
Our results are found to be in agreement with those of Xing et al.
正确表达：
Our results agree with those of Xing et al.
我们的结果与Xing等人的一致。
3. 避免使用“it is”、“these are”等作为句子的开头。
错误表达：
There were five subjects who were chosen for the test.
正确表达：
Five subjects were chosen for the test.
共有五名受试者被选为测试对象。
02
逻辑顺畅
修改后，除了保持句子的简洁外，还需要确保论文摘要中的每个句子都可以平稳过渡到下一个。以下是一些技巧：
1. 合并句子，让前后具有清晰的逻辑关系
错误表达：
Evolved stars have mean molecular weight gradients. These gradients affect their entropy profiles.
正确表达：
Evolved stars have mean molecular weight gradients, which affect their entropy profiles.
进化的恒星具有平均分子量梯度，这会影响其熵分布。
2. 添加或更改过渡词及短语
错误表达：
Abstracts for articles published before 1993 were created through digital scanning. That is, they may not exactly replicate the original text.
正确表达：
Abstracts for articles published before 1993 were created through digital scanning. They may therefore not exactly replicate the original text.
1993年之前发表的论文摘要是通过数字扫描创建的，因此可能无法完全复制原始文本。
3. 寻找缺失或矛盾的文字
错误表达：
Not every participant improves her/his self-efficacy through exercise. Our analysis suggests that subjects enjoyed the benefits of exercise for improving self-efficacy.
正确表达：
Not every participant improves her/his self-efficacy through exercise. However, our analysis suggests that some subjects enjoyed the benefits of exercise for improving self-efficacy.
不是每个参与者都能通过锻炼来提高自我效能。但是我们的分析表明，部分受试者享受了锻炼对自我效能提高的好处。
03
语法和印刷错误
虽然论文摘要很简短，但它是学术论文给人的第一印象，因此语法必须正确。请确保论文摘要没有语法不一致和印刷错误。以下是一些小技巧：
1. 请勿剪切文字（删除a、an、the）
错误表达：
Documenting precise nature of spillovers is crucial for determining advisability of such policies and contribution of learning to endogenous growth.
正确表达：
Documenting the precise nature of spillovers is crucial for determining the advisability of such policies and contribution of learning to endogenous growth.
记录溢出效应的确切性质对于确定此类策略的可取性，以及学习对内生增长的贡献至关重要。
2. 注意单复数的一致
错误表达：
A great deal is known about the host and phage genes that operates in the lysis-lysogeny decision. Little is known, however, about its molecular mechanisms.
正确表达：
A great deal is known about the host and phage genes that operate in the lysis-lysogeny decision. Little is known, however, about their molecular mechanisms.
虽然宿主和噬菌体基因在裂解-溶源性决定中的作用已广为人知，然而对其分子机制却知之甚少。
3. 准确计算列举的数量
错误表达：
Each domain represents the magnitudes of the factors in one of the three dimensions: length, width, depth, and time.
正确表达：
Each domain represents the magnitudes of the factors in one of the four dimensions: length, width, depth, and time.
每个域代表四个维度（长度，宽度，深度和时间）之一的因子的大小。
完成上述所有步骤后，请将论文摘要暂时抛之脑后，在稍事休息后再重新阅读学术论文的草稿。这样您可能会以一个全新的角度发现新的切入点，在不知不觉中获得简洁明了的论文摘要。
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