众所周知,在中文的表达习惯里,是没有时态这一说法的,把时间状语加在句子中恰当的位置就可以随意表达事件所发生的任何时间。但是,英语谓语动词时态共有16 种,在英文科技论文中用得较为频繁的主要有三种:即一般现在时、一般过去时和将来时。正确地使用动词时态是科研写作的基本功,我们在撰写英文论文时,如不能正确选用时态,常常会改变文章所要表达的意思,从而影响评审专家与读者的理解,甚至贻笑大方。
今天,我们就来为大家详解一下,英文科技论文写作中各部分的时态运用问题。
Abstract
摘要反映我们自己的研究结果,一般采用过去时。
Introduction
Introduction 部分一般是对研究背景的陈述,或陈述一些在被广为接受的真理或事实,此时应该使用一般现在时;当然,如果需要陈述或引用一些前人的研究结果时,应该用过去时。
举例:
a. Deletion of Pten may limit androgen-responsive gene expression by
modulating AR function, decreasing the ability of the AR to promote differentation .
b. Ascl2 is also required for IESC specification, and maintenance of IESCs, through cooperation with TCF4 and b-catenin to transactivate genes such as Lgr5 and Sox9.
Methods and Materials
这部分是对自己本次研究中所做工作的描述,因为研究已经完成了,是过去做的,通常用一般过去时。
举例:
Patients were excluded from study, if normal renal tissue could not be identified in theresected kidney particularly in partial nephrectomy and if the artery clamptime to retrieval oftissue was more than 30 min.
Results
结果部分是对研究工作产生的结果进行描述,通常也要用过去时进行详细描述。
举例:
a. (结果)No evidence for a different effect of the RBM doses onleukemia risk for subjects with and without Down syndrome was found to suggest effect modification (interaction p=0.99).
b. (图表)Western blot analysis to detect Fibronectin (FN) levels (Fig. 1) showed that mean expression levels of fibronectin in tumour tissue is 141.75 ±75.11.
Discussion
总结研究成果时,与 Results 部分相同,最好使用过去时态。但是,在表达研究结果的意义以及对研究结果进行讨论和解释时,更多是采用现在时态。
举例:
a. We searched extensively for basal cells in which recombination of the lineage tracing reporter could bedetected early after tamoxifen treatment and did not find any evidence for recombination in Krt5 positive basal cells.
b. Human CaP primarily consists of malignant luminal epithelial cells, with othersubtypes, including basaloid and neuroendocrine cancers being much less frequent.
Conclusion
结论部分的时态表达往往是比较灵活的应用的,如果是强调研究成果,建议用过去时态或完成时态。若是要展望未来,对研究现状以及未来需要再继续改进时,则建议使用现在时或将来时。
举例:
a. Here, we have reported the role for the transcription factor PLAGL2 in promoting stemcell identity, in part through direct transcriptional activation of ASCL2,which may be responsible for Wnt-independent growth driven by PLAGL2.
b. In addition to direct regulation of ASCL2, PLAGL2 also appears to drive Wnt signaling, although this effect appears minimal in our overexpression model.
具体来说各部分的时态运用我们总结如下表:
一般过去时 | 现在完成时 | 一般现在时 | 一般将来时 |
1.写论文前的一些工作,例如手机实验样本,准备材料,用到的方法等; | 有些期刊要求Abstract避免一般过去时,改用现在完成时 | 1.背景介绍、意义、致谢; | 1.写推论、结论和将来要做的工作 |
2.详细描述自己的研究结果; | 2.结果部分描述图表展示; | 2.将来要做的工作 |
3.引用别人文献中已经过时的成果、结论 | 3.不受时间限制的客观规律的描述,引用别人文献中目前认为正确的成果、结论 |
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