论文的同行评审一般由以为领域内的大牛编辑以及2-5位的审稿人，共同给出一份审稿意见，这份意见将直接决定文章的命运。
1️⃣直接接收Aceept（占比不到1%）
2️⃣小修后接收或大修（占比70%）
3️⃣拒稿Reject（1区Top期刊一般在30%以上）
01原创性和新颖性
研究是否提供了新的发现或理解，如果只是单纯的重复已知结果而没有新的角度，可能会被拒稿。审稿人会回复：
"This manuscript provides incremental findings that do not significantly advance our understanding of the topic. I recommend highlighting the novel aspects of the research more clearly, or the manuscript will be rejected to be published by the journal."
02文献回顾的广度和深度
是否充分引用了相关领域的重要文献和最新文献。如果引用文献不充分，可能导致审稿人质疑：
“The literature review is somewhat cursory and overlooks several pivotal studies that are fundamental to understanding the current state of research. ”
03研究方法的严谨性
所用方法是否恰当、详细且能够被复现。方法部分描述含糊不清或方法本身有缺陷。审稿人会回复：
"The description of the methods is insufficiently detailed. It is recommended that the authors provide a more thorough explanation of the protocols used."
04数据的准确性和完整性
学术研究是需要充分的数据来验证的，因此审稿人很看重数据的收集和分析过程的描述。如果数据样本量太小或数据处理方法不当，审稿人会回复：
"The analysis lacks the necessary statistical power to support the conclusions drawn. Please provide additional data or revise the claims accordingly."
05结果的有效性
研究结果是否能支持本次研究得假设和结论？如果数据分析结果与结论不一致，审稿人会回复：
"The results presented do not convincingly support the hypotheses stated at the beginning of the paper. Please reconsider the data interpretation or provide further statistical validation."
06论文结构的合理性
论文整体是否逻辑清晰。比如Introduction部分或Discussion部分逻辑混乱，很难让人信服，审稿人会回复：
"The structure of the manuscript could be improved for better readability and flow. Currently, the transition between the sections is abrupt. I suggest reorganizing the sections to enhance the logical progression of your arguments.“
07写作和表达的清晰度
语言是否清晰，表达是否准确。如果满篇都是语法错误，术语使用不当。审稿人会回复：
"The manuscript is poorly written and difficult to follow. There are multiple grammatical and syntactical errors that need to be addressed."
08研究局限性的讨论
作者是否在文章中诚恳地讨论了本次研究的局限性？如果对研究限制的讨论不足，审稿人会回复：
"The discussion section fails to adequately address the limitations of the study, which could mislead readers about the implications of the findings."
09伦理考量
研究是否遵守伦理标准，包括病人知情同意、实验动物使用。如果缺乏必要的伦理批准，涉及未经同意的人类或动物研究或伦理证明已过期。审稿人会回复：
"There is no mention of ethical approval for the experiments involving animals. This is a critical oversight that needs to be corrected before publication."
10潜在的利益冲突生命
作者是否公开透明地声明了任何可能的利益冲突。如果作者未披露与研究主题相关的商业利益，审稿人会回复：
"The manuscript does not include a declaration of potential conflicts of interest, which is mandatory for transparency."
11回应审稿人意见的能力
作者在返修稿件中是否充分回应了审稿人的意见。如果忽视了审稿人的关键建议或回复不够充分，审稿人会回复：
"The revisions made in response to the previous review comments are insufficient and do not fully address the major concerns. It is imperative that the authors provide a more detailed response to each point raised from reviewers."
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