今天我们来讲一讲如何写一篇医学期刊的临床试验研究论文。本文将通过举例来分析一篇论文的基本组成部分。
（举例论文为虚构，并非真实发表的论文）
首先，这篇论文的题目为
The Effects of Vitamin D Supplements on Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
（维生素D补充剂对肥胖的影响：一项随机临床试验研究）
目录部分：
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Research Gap and Research Statement
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Ethical Approval
4.2. Participant Recruitment and Consent
4.3. Outcomes and Follow up
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Results
6. Discussion
1. Introduction
Obesity is a Worldwide disease; In 2020, more than 2 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight.There is a general consensus in the research community that there is a strong association between obesity and Vitamin D. This represents an important and timely topic because obesity is currently fifth greater risk of mortality, and Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with variety of chronic diseases. Better understanding of this link will greatly aid medical practitioners in effective treatment and management of obese patients.
第一部分是引言。这是你告诉你的读者你的主题是什么以及为什么它很重要。用我们可以用一个能够吸引读者的话术作为开场白，比如提出一个问题，列出一些数据等等。既然我们的研究是关于肥胖症的，那么我们就给出一个关于肥胖症的统计数字。
Obesity is a Worldwide disease; In 2020, more than 2 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight.
在以一个宽泛的陈述开始后，下一步是缩小主题的范围。在第二步的陈述中，我们暗示我们的论文是关于维生素D和肥胖症的。
There is a general consensus in the research community that there is a strong association between obesity and Vitamin D.
并且我们要确定该主题的重要性。然后可以许多人因肥胖而死亡，而维生素D造成了许多健康问题，所以我们必须对此有所行动。
This represents an important and timely topic because obesity is currently fifth greater risk of mortality, and Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with variety of chronic diseases.
然后在引言段的最后部分，我们解释在这个领域进行研究将如何有利于社会。在我们的案例中，医生将能够为肥胖的病人开出更好的治疗方案。
Better understanding of this link will greatly aid medical practitioners in effective treatment and management of obese patients.
我们的研究论文的介绍段就这样结束了。
Several studies have reported an association between low vitamin D levels and obesity levels [1-3].Recently John et al, reported high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in several western countries with high levels of obesity [1]. Some studies suggested that obesity increased the risk of vit D deficiency [15] whereas other studies have shown the opposite [3].
到了文献综述部分，这是你对以前关于这个主题的研究进行全面总结的地方。
我们可以先概括性地总结该领域的研究。第一步就是说许多研究已经证实了维生素D和肥胖症之间的一些联系。
Several studies have reported an association between low vitamin D levels and obesity levels [1-3]
然后接下来继续进一步讨论更具体的研究：我们报告了最近出来的一项具体研究的结果，谈到了在西方国家维生素D和肥胖之间的联系。并且还要表明这些研究结果对人们目前对此课题的理解提出了质疑。
Recently John et al, reported high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in several western countries with high levels of obesity [1].
在最后我们要说的是，一些研究表明，肥胖会导致维生素D的缺乏，而其他研究则表明，事实上，是维生素D导致了人们的肥胖问题。
Some studies suggested that obesity increased the risk of vit D deficiency [15] whereas other studies have shown the opposite [3].
3. Research Gap and Research Statement
Due to lack of clear evidence, the link between vitamin D and obesity remains unclear.Moreover, most studies were conducted on subjects with preexisting health conditions or of certain background. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on weight loss among healthy population. We hypothesized that vitamin D could enhance weight loss without side effects.
到这一步就可以表明研究空白了。我们在前所做的铺垫可以引出：我们缺乏将维生素D与肥胖联系起来的明确证据。
Due to lack of clear evidence, the link between vitamin D and obesity remains unclear.
并且，大多数现有的研究都是在已有健康状况的受试者身上进行的，所以现在需要填补这一研究空白。
Moreover, most studies were conducted on subjects with preexisting health conditions or of certain background.
然后你需要定义你的研究问题，并解释它如何解决你在文献综述中确定的研究空白。我们在这里说，该研究的主要目的是调查维生素D对健康人群体重减轻的影响。
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on weight loss among healthy population.
我们还提出了一个具体的假设，并且将在论文的最后证明或反驳这一假设。
We hypothesized that vitamin D could enhance weight loss without side effects.
这就是论文从引言到确定研究问题的写作方法。
（考虑到篇幅长度，剩下部分咱们下一次继续说明）
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