前言是论文的开场白，目的是向读者说明本研究的来龙去脉，吸引读者对本篇论文产生兴趣，对正文起到提纲挈领和引导阅读兴趣的作用。
在写前言之前首先应明确几个基本问题：
你想通过本文说明什么问题？
有哪些新的发现，是否有学术价值？
一般读者读了前言以后，可清楚地知道作者为什么选择该题目进行研究。为此，在写前言以前，要尽可能多地了解相关的内容，收集前人和别人已有工作的主要资料，说明本研究设想的合理性。
前言的撰写要点
01
1、介绍研究对象（一般为疾病）:可从疾病定义，流行病学，病因学，治疗手段，预后等方面适当选取内容。
2、介绍研究靶点（治疗手段/基因/蛋白/RNA/信号通路/...）：简要介绍研究方向，如某基因，蛋白，治疗手段等；通过前人文献报道，建立研究方向与疾病之间的逻辑关联，阐明立题依据
3、介绍研究动机（立题依据 + 研究目的）
前言写作步骤
02
1.建立关键词间的逻辑关系
（1）根据已给中文题目，摘要，方法，结果，找出本研究的关键词（如基因与疾病；治疗/诊断方法与疾病等）
（2）将关键词放入百度，维基百科，百度学术等，了解大概信息及特点
（3）查看相关中文或英文文献，找出关键词间可能的逻辑关系，确定立题依据
2.文献资料准备
（1）根据所确定的关键词，查找相关英文文献（Google scholar, PubMed，GeenMedical等），并通过数据库使用，进行文献下载
（2）阅读文献，选取并标记有用信息并记录文献PMID号
前言常用句式
03
1. Emerging evidence suggests that……
2. It is recognized as the first line treatment for……
3. It is well documented that/It has been found that
4.The development of …… strategies that can overcome chemoresistance is an important area of research
5.The present study aims to further develop……treatment……
6. Investigating …… in cancer cells is, therefore, of great relevance to improve …… treatment.
7. The current treatment consisting of ……, however is not effective in approximately one-third of patients.
8. aberrant expression of miR involved in …… may also contribute to …… in cancer cells.
9. More recently, overexpression of miR has also been shown to induce……
10. In a previous work/Previous finding unraveled, ……is identified to contribute to ……
11. According to the existing data, ……
12.Despite the significant progression in current therapeutic strategies, the 5-year survival rate is only ……
13.Furthermore, therapies targeting this potential molecular mechanism have not been developed
14.XXX …… is characterized by ……
15. Although ……, the pathogenesis of …… remains unclear.
以“miR-598: A tumor suppressor with biomarker significance in osteosarcoma”为例
Step 1:确定前言写作关键词--骨肉瘤（osteosarcoma）& miR-598，并在百度或谷歌中了解相关信息。
Step 2: 确定写作内容
前言 1：骨肉瘤定义介绍，流行病学内容（包括发生率，死亡率，生存率，预后，病理特征，治疗手段等），病因学（发病机制或危险因素等），骨肉瘤的增殖与转移 + 过渡句（骨肉瘤与miR联系）
前言 2： 直接介绍miR-598的文献可能较少，可先介绍miR，miR与骨肉瘤的研究举例，简要介绍miR-598，miR-598表达与哪些疾病或肿瘤相关，引出本文目的。
miR-598: A tumor suppressor with biomarker significance in osteosarcoma
miR-598: A tumor suppressor with biomarker significance in osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma (OS) arises from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin. It is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, comprising 2.4% of all malignancies and 60% of all malignant bone tumors in pediatric patients. Being one of the most devastating malignant neoplasms, OS is highly aggressive and could rapidly metastasize to other organs疾病类型特征. The 5-year survival rate of OS patients is as low as 60–70% 生存率. OS usually occurs in the proximal tibia, proximal humerus, and the metaphyseal regions of distal femur. Typical symptoms and signs include pain, localized swelling, joint movement limitations, and trabecular bone destruction 病理特征. Traditional therapeutic approach to treat OS is surgical excision combined with chemotherapy or/and radiotherapy. However, chemotherapy and radiotherapy usually result in drug-resistance and produce life-threatening cytotoxic side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and infertility 现有的治疗手段及效果. Early diagnosis of OS is beneficial for OS patients to improve their life qualities and overall survival rates. It is urgent to identify novel biomarkers, optimize treatment strategies, and develop more effective anti-OS agents过渡.
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule containing about 22 nucleotides and functioning in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In addition, miRNAs could also regulate histone modification and DNA methylation of promoter sites of target genes, affecting the expression of target genes at the epigenetic levels miRNA介绍. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been detected in almost all human cancers, including breast cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and OS. Growing evidence shows that miRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressive genes, depending on the target genes they regulate. They play significant roles in tumor progression including proliferation, adhesion, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis miRNA与肿瘤相关. These circulating miRNAs could be utilized as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis, because of their distinctive characteristics of highly stability and easy-to-detection miRNA临床价值. Studies shows that miR-598 is upregulated in non-functioning invasive pituitary adenomas, bile duct cancer, and esophageal cancer, while is downregulated in the cerebrospinal fluid samples of Alzheimer's disease patients. MiR-598 inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis by suppressing JAG1/Notch2 pathway-mediated epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT)介绍miR-598，并与肿瘤关联起来. However, until now there is no report regarding the role of miR-598 in OS, particularly its potential as a biomarker in OS本研究的创新性. In the present study, we examined the expression levels of miR-598 in OS tissue and serum, identified the role of miR-598 in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of OS cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we revealed the underlying mechanism of miR-598′s suppressive role in OS development引出本文目的.
转自湘元科研通微信公众号，仅作学习交流，如有侵权，请联系本站删除！
