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如何写好医学论文英文摘要

2024/3/5 10:08:18  阅读:58 发布者:

摘要是一篇文章的浓缩与精华,让读者能快速地了解论文的大致内容。良好的摘要能引起读者的深度阅读兴趣,其重要性不言而喻。因此,写好论文摘要,文章才有好的“门面”。

一般来说,一篇完整的摘要需要包括以下内容:研究背景及目的,实验方法,实验结果以及研究结论及意义。

摘要有一定的字数限制,通常不超过200250字。根据杂志社要求不同,摘要分为结构式和非结构式。不过,两者内容框架大致是一致的。本文对摘要写作过程中的一些技巧进行了总结,希望能为大家提供帮助。

01

研究背景及目的

(结构式:Background/Objective)

摘要开头,一般需简要提一下本文研究背景,可介绍研究的疾病或关键研究靶点。与文章标题相呼应。如:

Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs play crucial roles in nervous system. (介绍miRNA在神经系统发挥潜在作用,这就有了本文研究的理论可行性)

The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRs) have aroused wide concerns.(介绍lncRNAmiRNA在疾病中的相互作用。)

此外,在引入背景的时候,可提出一下研究空白点,增强开展研究的逻辑性。如:

However, our understanding of the importance of these molecules in cardiac fibrosis is limited.

But it is unclear what determines whether miR-146a is oncogenic or tumor suppressive and the molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown.

(需注意的是,由于字数限制,这部分在摘要部分可以考虑省略,在前言部分提出)

Next, 敢敢单单,交代研究目的啦~

The aim of this study is to identify the expression level of XXX in XXX and further investigate its functional relevance with XXX progression.

This study attempts to explore (investigate, identify) XXX.

In this study, we aimed at the functions and molecular mechanism of XXX in XXX.

02

实验方法

 (结构式:Methods)

自然而然地,交代完背景和目的后,要开始介绍实验方法了。

一般方法需提到的点包括研究对象(组织实验提临床样本,细胞实验介绍使用什么细胞,动物实验介绍动物模型建立等),实验分组,以及研究手段及测量指标等。

其中,需要注意:分组不要提组名!分组不要提组名!分组不要提组名!虽然像正文方法那样把实验分组列出来So easy, 但是在摘要列组别名,尤其是有比较多组别的时候,实在减分,甚至劝退。考虑到分组主要是对关键指标的表达进行人为干预,那么用一句话说明清楚如何干预即可。替代句式如下:

Gain- and loss-of-functions of XXX were conducted in rats treated with prolonged cold ischemia and polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs).

(Gain- and loss-of-functions就是我们实验中的对某个因子的上调下调,沉默)

The functional role of XXX in XXX pathogenesis was determined using ectopic expression, knockdown/depletion and reporter assay experiments.

(Ectopic expression, knockdown/depletion experiments代表基因的上调下调实验, 仔细推敲的话,双荧光素酶报告基因检测方法在这个句子中也巧妙地提到了)

Further, the impact of increased and decreased XXX expression levels on the expression of predicted target genes, cell migration, viability, proliferation, and apoptosis was examined, respectively.

 

另外,在说明研究手段和测量指标时,需注意英文表达喜用被动,方法部分尽量不要使用主动语态,可参考如下句式:

mRNA expression of XXX, XXX and XXX was measured (detected/identified/determined/assessed/evaluated)using RT-qPCR

RT-qPCR was applied (used) to identify(替换词如上)the expression of XXX, XXX and XXX.

But! 尽量不要用We detected the expression of XX, XX and XXX.

03

实验结果

(结构式:Results

由于字数限制,结果部分简要的介绍文章的主要研究结果即可(关键指标在疾病中的表达,干预其表达后对疾病的哪些关键症状,生物学行为,相关基因或通路表达产生)。

下面用部分结果举例:

In this study, isoflurane treatment was evidenced to decrease miR-24 expression in rat hippocampus and hippocampal neurons (病里症状中关键因子表达). The apoptosis rate, oxidative-stress-related factors of hippocampal neurons were elevated while the neuron viability and proliferation was significantly reduced after isoflurane treatment (建模后疾病症状). Over-expression of miR-24 could significantly inhibit oxidative stress, cell apoptosis in rat hippocampus (干预miRNA后对症状的影响).

此外有一点小技巧,如果同时进行了体内和体外结果,而体内外结果的趋势又相同的话,就不用再大费周章地重新介绍一遍了,字数限制会让人绝望的。这时候可以来这么一句:

Moreover, in vivo results were reproduced in in vitro experiments.

(舒服了)

04

研究结论及意义

(结构式:Conclusion)

好的结论和意义能起到画龙点睛的效果。我们参考他人文献的时候,最直接有效的信息点即来自于摘要部分的结论。结论最大的要求为简洁精炼。上例子:

Functional studies showed that miR-146a acts as a tumor suppressor miR and identifies miR-146a as a candidate for antimetastatic miRNA replacement therapy for gastric cancer patients.

To conclude, this study suggested that HOXC13-AS exerted oncogenic function in NPC via regulating miR-383-3p/HMGA2 axis.

类似的万金油句型:

This study provided evidence that XXX may reduce XXX via inhibiting/activating the XXX axis.

结论搭配临床意义食用效果更佳:

These findings provide mechanistic insight of unrecognized roles of TUSC3 in cancer progression.

(上接结论)XXX, which provide basic therapeutic considerations for a novel target against IRI.

当然,也可以尝试将结论和临床意义在一个句子里表示出来:

Together, our findings identify Wisper as a cardiac fibroblast-enriched super-enhancer-associated lncRNA that represents an attractive therapeutic target to reduce the pathological development of cardiac fibrosis in response to MI and prevent adverse remodeling in the damaged heart.

以上即是对摘要部分写作技巧的一些总结,希望能为各位提供帮助。

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