丁玉莲 余建宇 孙阳阳 等：基因编辑食品还是转基因食品？风险和模糊性对中国消费者偏好的影响研究

Yulian Ding,  Jianyu Yu*,  Yangyang Sun,  Rodolfo M. Nayga Jr,  Yunyun Liu (2023). Gene-edited or genetically modified food? the impacts of risk and ambiguity on Chinese consumers' willingness to pay. Agricultural Economics, first online

原文链接（点击“阅读原文”跳转）：

http://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12767

作者：

丁玉莲（西南财经大学中国西部经济研究院）

余建宇（西南财经大学经济管理研究院）

孙阳阳（西南财经大学中国西部经济研究院）

Rodolfo M. Nayga Jr.（美国Texas A&M University，农业经济系）

刘韵韵（成都市经济和信息化局 软件产业处）

简介：

近年来，一种对农作物基因组进行直接插入、删除或替代的育种技术——基因编辑技术，正受到广泛的关注。与备受争议的转基因技术相比，许多科学家认为基因编辑技术更加精确、可预测，本质上类似于常规的杂交育种技术。目前包括中国在内的诸多国家也正在积极推动基因编辑技术的产业化。然而，消费者是否愿意为这种新技术开发的产品买单？对消费者而言，基因编辑食品是否比转基因食品更接近常规食品？影响消费者偏好的因素有哪些？本文基于2020年中国城市在线调查数据，采用多重价格比对的方法（Multiple price list method），对消费者对不同育种技术开发的食品的支付意愿进行估计，重点关注消费者风险和模糊规避的影响在基因编辑和转基因食品之间有何不同。研究发现，与基因编辑技术相比，中国消费者更担心转基因技术对健康、环境和伦理带来的风险。相对于常规育种培育的大米，消费者对基因编辑大米和转基因大米的支付意愿均有折价，但基因编辑大米的折价程度较低。风险规避和模糊规避程度越高的消费者对转基因或基因编辑大米支付意愿越低，且模糊规避的影响大于风险规避的影响。将基因编辑大米和转基因大米进行比较分析发现，风险规避对这两种大米折价程度的影响并无显著差异，模糊规避的影响亦无显著差异。

Abstract

This study investigates consumer preferences for newly introduced gene-edited (GE) food. We focus on how risk and ambiguity aversion affect consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid genetically modified (GM) food or GE food and whether the impacts of risk and ambiguity aversion differ between GM and GE food. We collected the data in 2020 through a nationwide online survey in China. The multiple price list method is used to estimate the premiums that consumers are willing to pay for conventional rice to avoid GM/GE rice. Our results show that Chinese urban consumers are more concerned about the health, environmental, and ethical impacts of genetic modification than gene editing technology. They are willing to pay lower premiums when the alternative is GE rice than when it is GM rice. We further find that both risk aversion and ambiguity aversion have significant negative impacts on respondents’ WTP for food derived from gene technologies, with ambiguity aversion being more influential than risk aversion for both GM and GE rice. However, there is no significant difference in how risk aversion and ambiguity aversion affect the respondents’ WTP to avoid GM or GE rice.

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