中国农业经济学家中女性半边天？【曹历娟 朱晶 刘华】研究业绩、学术晋升和性别差异：对中国高等教育中农业经济学家的数据分析

*中文标题和摘要系简单翻译，可能存在部分错误，请以英文为准

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Lijuan Cao, Jing Zhu, Hua Liu*. (2022). Research performance, academic promotion, and gender disparities: Analysis of data on agricultural economists in Chinese higher education. Agricultural Economics, first-online

原文链接（点击“阅读原文”跳转）：

http://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12752

摘要：

本文通过构建和分析中国农业经济学家的数据库，对女性在农业经济领域的代表性和性别均等情况进行了整体描述。我们发现，女性学者在数量上 "占据了半边天"，但在更高级别的学术岗位上不都如此。在研究业绩和学术晋升方面，女性落后于男性；在往上走的时候，性别差异变得更加突出。对不同年龄段的农业经济学家的仔细研究表明，无论是在从业人数上，还是在以中文论文发表和主持的国家级项目衡量的学术表现上，性别差距都在缩小。然而，随着时间的推移，高质量的论文发表数量和晋升前的时间跨度方面的差距，以及学术界的 "泄漏管道 "（leaky pipeline）现象，都在大幅增加。"明星科学家 "代表显示了类似的，但更陡峭的趋势。在以往缺乏详细研究的情况下，本文探讨了对规模上的性别差距收敛，但被称为 "泄漏管道 "（leaky pipeline）的性别差距增加的可能解释。结论是，高等教育扩招政策为弱势的年轻女性提供了更多接受高等教育的机会，这既增加了女性从业人员的数量，也提高了她们的比例。

部分图表如下：

Abstract

This paper provides an overall picture of women's representation and gender parity in the field of Agricultural Economics by constructing and analyzing a database of agricultural economists in China. We find that female scholars “occupy half the sky” in number, but not all the way up to the higher-ranking academic positions. Women lag behind men in terms of research performance and academic promotion; even more so, gender disparity becomes more prominent when moving up the ranking ladder. A closer examination of agricultural economists of different age cohorts indicates that the gender gap, both in numbers engaged in the profession and academic performance measured by Chinese paper publications and nation-level projects chaired, is narrowing. However, gaps in the number of high-quality paper publications and the time span before promotion, alongside the phenomenon of a “leaky pipeline” in academia, are growing significantly over time. The representation of “star scientists” shows similar, yet steeper trends. In the absence of detailed studies, the paper explores possible explanations of the converging gender gap in scale but increasing gender disparity that is termed a “leaky pipeline.” It concludes that the Policy of Enrollment Expansion in Higher Education provides vulnerable young females with more opportunities to access higher education, which increases both the number and proportion of women in the profession.

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