双融通视角下新型研发机构企业孵化研究
周君璧1,汪明月2，于磊3
（1.中国科学院文献情报中心，北京100190;
2.中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院，北京100190;
3.科技部火炬高技术产业开发中心，北京100045)
摘要：新型研发机构的突出特点在于由多元主体共同投资建立，能够整合利用多种创新资源，有效促进成果转化和企业孵化。然而，创新主体之间、创新资源之间的融通对新型研发机构的影响并不是简单线性的，且还未形成较统一的论断。本文利用中国1458家新型研发机构的调研数据，从新型研发机构主体融通类型、主体融通强度和资源融通三个维度对新型研发机构对企业孵化的影响展开实证分析。结果表明，由政府-学术界联合举办的新型研发机构是促进企业孵化最为有效的形式，其他主体融通类型的作用效果相对较弱；主体融通强度对新型研发机构企业孵化的影响呈现倒“U”型关系，即超过举办单位阈值数量后会抑制企业孵化；资金、技术、人才、场地等资源的融通对新型研发机构企业孵化影响相对其他资源融通更为有效。上述研究结论对于制定新型研发机构发展的政策有一定意义，也为支撑我国科技自立自强奠定基础。
关键词：新型研发机构；企业孵化；主体融通类型；主体融通强度；资源融通
主要研究结论：本文采用全国1458家新型研发机构调研数据为样本，构建负二项回归模型，检验主体融通和资源融通对新型研发机构企业孵化的影响。实证结果表明：(1)主体融通强度对新型研发机构的企业孵化呈现倒“U”型影响，即超过举办单位特定数量后会抑制企业孵化；(2)从主体融通类型来看，政府-学术界联合举办的新型研发机构相比其他类型的新型研发机构企业孵化效果更好；(3)资源融通中资金资源、技术资源、场地资源和人才资源对于新型研发机构企业孵化数量的提升最为关键。结论进一步揭示了，若要以促进企业孵化带动区域产业和经济发展为目建设新型研发机构，一方面要大力倡导政府与高校联合、政府与科研院所联合举办新型研发机构，另一方面，在举办单位的参与数量上要科学适当。此外，从资源配置的角度，新型研发机构的经营者应当注重设立产业基金，吸纳博士等高层次人才，鼓励发明专利申请以及争取政府财政支持等方式提升企业孵化绩效。
Research on the business incubation of new R&D institutions from the perspective of dual integration
Zhou Junbi1, Wang Mingyue2, Yu Lei3
(1. National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
2. Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
3. Torch High Technology Industry Development Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People′s Republic of China, Beijing 100045, China)
Abstract:Integrated innovation can be explained from two dimensions: subject integration and resource integration. As a typical representative of integrated innovation, new R&D institutions have broken the organizational boundaries of government, industry, university and research institutions, integrated and pooled various essential resources required for innovation, and effectively promoted the technology transfer and business incubation. At present, new R&D institutions have shown a rapid development trend in China, with more than 2000 by April 2020. In order to give full play to the role of new R&D institutions in the high-quality development of China′s economy and society, it is necessary to identify a more effective operation mode of new R&D institutions, from the perspective of number of sponsors, type of sponsors, and the way of resource allocation. However, the impact of integration of innovation subjects and innovation resources on new R&D institutions is not simple and linear, and it has not yet formed a more unified conclusion. Specifically, the existing research has not systematically analyzed the impact of subject integration and resource integration on business incubation of new R&D institutions.
Using the survey data of 1458 new R&D institutions in China, this paper made an empirical analysis on the impact of new R&D institutions on business incubation from three dimensions: type of subject integration, intensity of subject integration, and resource integration. The results showed that the new R&D institutions jointly established by the government and academia are the most effective form to promote business incubation, while the effect of other integration types is relatively weak. The impact of the integration intensity on the business incubation of new R&D institutions presents an inverted "U" relationship, that is, exceeding the threshold number of sponsors will inhibit business incubation. Compared with other resources, the integration of capital, technology, talents, fund and other resources has a more effective impact on the business incubation of new R&D institutions. The conclusion further revealed that if the government wants to establish new R&D institutions for the purpose of promoting enterprise incubation and driving regional industrial and economic development, on the one hand, we should vigorously advocate the joint establishment of new R&D institutions by the government and universities or scientific research institutes, while on the other hand, the number of sponsors should be set scientifically and appropriately. In addition, from the perspective of resource allocation, operators of new R&D institutions should pay attention to setting up industrial funds, attracting high-level talents such as doctors, encouraging invention patent applications and winning government financial supports.
The main contributions of this paper are threefold: first, this paper has discussed the impact of new R&D institutions on business incubation from the new perspective of "dual integration", and enriched the empirical application of integrated innovation theory in the analysis of new R&D institutions. The research has proposed that the establishment of new R&D institutions is based on breaking the boundaries of multiple innovation entities to achieve cross-border integration, rather than the previous collaborative innovation cooperation mode. Second, the research has enriched the empirical application of resource integration of new R&D institutions, identified the type of resource for business incubation, and put forward suggestions on how to integrate and optimize the allocation of resources of new R&D institutions at the policy level. Third, the research conclusions will have certain policy significance for the policy-makers for the development of new R&D institutions, and also laid a foundation for supporting China′s self-reliance in science and technology.
Key words:new R&D institution; business incubation; type of subject integration; intensity of subject integration; resource integration
引用本文：周君璧,汪明月,于磊.双融通视角下新型研发机构企业孵化研究[J].科研管理,2023,44(8):31-39.
转自：“科研管理”微信公众号
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