产学研三螺旋互动有利于知识创造吗？
张艺1,2，杜军1,3，白福臣1
（1.广东海洋大学 管理学院，广东 湛江524088；
2.伦敦玛丽女王大学 工商管理学院，英国 伦敦 E1 4NS；
3.广东沿海经济带发展研究院，广东 湛江524088）
摘要：本文基于三螺旋创新理论方法，以我国创新系统的知识创新主体——“双一流”大学为例，探究其与企业、科研院所之间双边或三边互动对知识创造的影响关系。研究发现：学术部门之间耦合互动关系随着时间推移而不断增强，这不仅有利于知识创造，还有助于改善科研投入到知识产出的转化；然而，学术部门与产业部门双边互动关系出现了解耦迹象，它们之间互动不仅不利于知识创造，还间接削弱了科研投入对知识产出的正向影响；此外，产学研三螺旋互动还出现了解耦现象，并且对知识创造并没有起到显著的促进作用。
关键词：产学研三螺旋互动；学术型组织；知识创造；“双一流”大学
主要研究结论：本文通过分析中国科技创新系统现实情景下产学研三螺旋互动关系，并进一步探究产学研三螺旋互动对知识创造的影响关系，得出以下研究发现：
第一，基于信息互冗余（R）指标对产学研双边或多边互动关系进行测度，发现学术型组织之间耦合关系在2011—2019年期间得到不断加强；相反，学术部门与产业部门之间互动关系出现了解耦迹象；同时，产学研三边协同关系也呈现出不断减弱的迹象，这与我国政府所出台的“产学研深度融合”政策的初衷并不一致。
第二，通过实证分析中国情境下产学研三螺旋互动对知识创造的直接影响和间接调节影响，发现它们之间影响关系较为复杂。具体而言，学术型组织之间互动对知识产出呈现出显著的正向影响关系，而学术部门与产业部门之间互动关系对知识产出却呈现出显著的负向影响关系，产学研协同互动对知识产出的影响并不显著。该发现表明中国情境下产学研三螺旋互动对知识创造并没有起到有效的反哺作用，这与西方国家情境截然不同。
第三，基于本文研究发现，推断出产学研三螺旋互动对知识创造的正向或负向影响关系取决于创新主体三螺旋互动在创新价值链上的位置。具体而言，创新主体在创新价值链上游开展三螺旋互动不仅有益于知识创造，还提升了科研投入到知识产出的转化效率，而在创新价值链下游开展三螺旋互动反而损害知识创造的实现和降低了科研投入到知识产出的转化效率。这意味着学术型组织在参与产学研三螺旋互动时，不宜“越位”到创新价值链下游去过多开展技术开发和商业化活动（这本应由产业部门承担），以避免对自身开展高水平科学研究带来负面影响。
Are the triple helix interactions among industry-university-research institutes beneficial for knowledge creation?
Zhang Yi1,2, Du Jun1,3, Bai Fuchen1
(1.School of Management, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, China;
2.School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK;
3.Guandong Academy of Coastal Economic Belt Development, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, China)
Abstract:In the knowledge economy era, the innovation mode has experienced a radical change from the past linear innovation to the current triple helix (TH) one by which the economic and academic organizations achieve high penetration and organizational boundaries become blurred. In this context, a considerable volume of studies have been devoted to investigate how the TH interactions between/among academic organizations (such as universities and research institutes) and economic ones (industries) promotes knowledge application and commercialization. Yet, the extant studies neglected an important issue, namely, the ‘reverse feeding’ effect of TH interactions on knowledge creation by academic organizations, therefor leaving a little understanding in respect to the impact of TH interactions on knowledge creation.
In this paper, we attempt to fill this prominent gap by exploring whether the TH non-linear interactions among Industry–University–Research Institutes (IUR) are conducive to the promotion of knowledge creation by academic organizations in China. Specifically, Chinese Double First-Class universities which act as the important knowledge creation actors in national innovation system are taken as the research sample, and the mutual redundancy indicator developed by Leydesdorff and Ivanova is employed to measure the dynamic trend of TH interactions of Chinese Double First-Class universities with industries and research institutes. Furthermore, the regression analysis is implemented to empirically investigate the TH interactions′ effects on knowledge creation, which contributes to clarifying the following topics: (1) whether the TH interactions among the Chinese Double First-Class universities, industries and research institutes are beneficial for the improvement of Chinese Double First-Class universities′ knowledge outputs; (2) whether the relationship between research investment and knowledge outputs of Chinese Double First-Class universities is positively moderated by the TH interactions among the Chinese Double First-Class universities, industries and research institutes.
The results show that the bilateral coupling relationship between the academic organizations becomes stronger and stronger. This not only helps to create more knowledge, but also moderates the relationship between research investments and knowledge outputs in a positive manner. Moreover, the bilateral interactions between the academic and economic organizations have been increasingly decoupled, and these bilateral interactions not only exert a negative effect on knowledge creation, but also negatively regulate the relationship between research investment and knowledge outputs in an indirect manner. In addition, the trilateral interactions among IUR become decoupled, and these trilateral interactions have no significant impact on knowledge creation.
It should be noted that our research findings are inconsistent with the extant studies which were implemented in the context of Western countries. This may be attributed to a possible reason in respect to the sharp contrast scenarios between the Western countries and China where the TH interactions among innovative organizations fall into the different positions along the innovation value chain, i.e., the Western countries are on the upstream whereas China is on downstream, resulting into different manners by which TH interactions exert ‘reverse feeding’ effect on knowledge creation in different country contexts.
This paper contributes to extant literature in two aspects: Firstly, compared with the extant research which largely explores how the TH interactions promote the new knowledge created by academic organizations successfully transferred to economic organizations, and tends to focus on whether the TH interactions have an impact on technological innovation performance from the research perspective of economic organizations, this paper mainly investigates the feedback effect of TH interactions on conducting scientific research and knowledge creation from the research perspective of academic organizations, therefore enriching the TH innovative research. Secondly, in contrast to abundant research which is limited to depicting TH interactions rather than exploring their effects, this paper not only reveals the bilateral and trilateral interactions between/among the innovative organizations, but also further implements an in-depth study on the impact of TH interactions on knowledge creation.
In summary, this paper devotes on investigating the academic effects of TH non-linear interactions among innovative organizations in the context of China, which presents some important implications for theoretical, practical and political circles. In particular, the results of our study may be of interest to the China′s policy makers who strive to enhance the national innovation capability by strengthening TH non-linear interactions, resulting in an ‘innovation-oriented’ country in the future.
Key words:triple helix interactions among industry-university-research institutes; academic organization; knowledge creation; Double First-Class universities
引用本文：张艺,杜军,白福臣.产学研三螺旋互动有利于知识创造吗?[J].科研管理,2023,44(5):131-139.
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