数字经济下专利池对扩展适应的影响机制研究
王丽平，赵丽洁
（天津理工大学 管理学院，天津300384）
摘要：扩展适应是企业改进现有产品和技术以扩大市场的一种重要创新方法，但现有研究对此关注较少。研究结合数字经济的时代特征，基于IPO模型，构建专利池通过大数据能力和用户创新作用于扩展适应的链式中介模型。针对高新技术企业收集了527份有效问卷，利用SPSS、AMOS软件采用结构方程模型和Bootstrap方法对模型实证检验。结果表明：专利池对扩展适应起正向作用，大数据能力和用户创新在专利池和扩展适应在其间存在单一中介作用和链式中介作用。研究为企业转变创新思路提供了新的理论视角。
关键词：扩展适应；专利池；大数据能力；用户创新
主要研究结论：研究基于IPO模型构建专利池与扩展适应的链式中介模型，引入大数据能力和用户创新作为中介变量，探讨专利池对扩展适应的作用机理，检验大数据能力和用户创新的中介作用，得出以下结论。
（1）专利池对扩展适应有显著正向影响
该结论不仅阐释了专利池对企业技术创新的积极影响，还进一步提出专利池对发现现有产品和技术的新功能、新应用具有正向影响。专利池具有消除专利实施障碍、降低技术交易成本及促进企业交流的效用，能为现有产品和技术在新领域的应用创造机会，有利于实现扩展适应。
（2）大数据能力和用户创新在专利池对扩展适应的正向影响中起中介作用
一是大数据能力在专利池和扩展适应之间起中介作用，该结论强调了大数据能力有助于在专利池这个不同专利、不同信息相互交织的资源库中发现现有产品和技术的新功能。一方面大数据能力能够对已有产品和技术进行重新组合，增加新功能发现的可能性，挖掘潜在的新发现；另一方面能够利用信息技术抓住现有产品和技术新功能出现的时机，捕捉意外创新。二是用户创新在专利池和扩展适应之间起中介作用，该结论扩展了用户创新对企业创新的重要作用。专利池通过扩大用户使用数量及增加产品反馈信息，来扩展产品更多的使用方式，进而扩展现有产品的功能。三是大数据能力和用户创新在专利池对扩展适应的正向影响中起链式中介作用，该结论揭示了大数据能力和用户创新对企业创新的共同作用机制和联动中介效应。专利池通用大数据技术实时绘制用户使用画像，沟通用户对产品的诉求，以挖掘产品的新功能和新应用，进而促进扩展适应的产生。
Research on the influence mechanism of patent pool on exaptation in the digital economy
Wang Liping, Zhao Lijie
(School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China)
Abstract:With the development of the digital economy, digital technology has broken the boundaries between different industries, and products and technologies have spread across different industries. In this process, companies will accidentally discover that products and technologies from different industries can be recombined, apply in new fields and discover new functions of products and technologies, and then open up new markets. This innovative method, which is different from launching new products and new technologies, is called exaptation. Exaptation is a very important innovative method for companies to improve existing products and technologies to expand the market, but existing research has paid little attention to this.
Combining the characteristics of the era of digital economy, this paper found that the ability of patent pools to integrate scattered patents, promote communication between companies in the pool, and create an environment for knowledge sharing is an important factor affecting exaptation. Moreover, digital technology is conducive to patent pools to obtain more innovative resources, and the connection with users is getting closer. Therefore, this research which has introduced two variables, big data capabilities and user innovation, is trying to reveal the mechanism of patent pools′ adaptation to exaptation. To this end, this paper is based on the IPO model and constructed a chain-type intermediary model in which the patent pool acts on exaptation through big data capabilities and user innovation. Since data such as patent pools, big data capabilities, user innovation and exaptation cannot be obtained from publicly available data, the research uses questionnaires to collect data. In order to ensure the persuasiveness and reference value of the research conclusions, the questionnaire is mainly distributed to product developers, market intelligence personnel, technical R&D personnel and other relevant personnel in high-tech enterprises with strong innovation activity and initiative.
Using SPSS and AMOS software to conduct hypothesis testing on the collected data using structural equation models and Bootstrap, this paper has obtained the following results which show that: (1) Patent pools have a positive impact on exaptation. Patent pools can be implemented by eliminating barriers to patent, reduce business transaction costs and promote technical exchanges between enterprises, create opportunities for the application of existing products and technologies in new areas, promote exaptation; (2) Big data capabilities play a part of the intermediary role in the positive impact of patent pools on exaptation, and companies rely on big data capabilities look for potential value in existing resources, explore new combinations of production factors, and capture unexpected discoveries; (3) User innovation plays a part of the intermediary role in the positive impact of patent pools on exaptation. Patent pools improve product quality and reduce prices expand the number of users, expand the use of existing products, and promote the discovery of new features of existing products; (4) Big data capabilities and user innovation play a chain-like intermediary role in the positive impact of patent pools on exaptation. The patent pool needs big data capabilities to integrate and analyze users′ opinions and views on existing products, explore new features of the product while meeting user needs, and promote the emergence of exaptation. Both play a role of linkage between the patent pool and exaptation.
Finally, this paper provides some theoretical reference and practical guidance for enterprises to transform their innovative thinking and explore the potential value of existing products and technologies.
Key words:exaptation; patent pool; big data capability; user innovation
引用本文：王丽平,赵丽洁.数字经济下专利池对扩展适应的影响机制研究[J].科研管理,2023,44(5):166-173.
转自：“科研管理”微信公众号
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