组织创新采用：研究综述与展望
王昶，周依芳，邓婵，周文辉
（中南大学商学院，湖南 长沙410000）
摘要：随着新兴技术的爆发式发展，企业对新兴技术的采用问题引起了各界的普遍关注。尽管关于组织创新采用的研究日益增多，但缺乏对这一知识体系的系统梳理。本文通过对15种顶级国际管理类期刊25年来发表的组织创新采用文献的全面回顾，系统梳理了组织创新采用的概念内涵和理论基础，并建立了一个组织创新采用模型，以期通过驱动因素、调节因素、中介因素和结果因素对现有研究进行深入剖析。最后，本文从差异性新兴技术组织创新采用模式、国产替代特殊情境下的组织创新采用、商业生态系统中创新的扩散与采用和组织创新采用过程与决策等四个方面展望未来研究方向，为组织创新采用研究和实践提供参考。
关键词：组织创新采用；新兴技术；关键核心技术
主要研究结论：本文通过全面回顾系统梳理了组织创新采用的概念内涵和理论基础，并从前因、中介、调节和结果等因素出发构建起组织创新采用的整体研究框架。研究发现：(1)组织创新采用是指创新在组织内扩散的过程或结果，这类创新包括新技术、新产品、新服务和新模式。但不同类型的创新是否在采用行为上有差异，现有研究涉及较少；(2)学者们主要从技术-环境-组织层面，通过创新扩散理论、制度理论、资源基础理论和高层梯队理论对组织创新采用行为的逻辑和驱动因素进行了剖析，但尚未能充分解释商业生态系统中的组织创新采用行为与扩散机制；(3)组织创新采用受诸多维度多层次因素的影响，但对脱钩断链背景下国产替代应用此类特殊组织创新采用机制，现有研究还缺乏深入探讨。
Organizational innovation adoption: A research review and prospects
Wang Chang, Zhou Yifang, Deng Chan, Zhou Wenhui
(School of Business, Central South University， Changsha 410000, Hunan, China)
Abstract:With the explosive development of emerging technologies, research on the adoption of innovation technologies by firms has attracted both practical and academic attention. Despite the increasing number of studies on organizational innovation adoption, a systematic review of this body of knowledge is still lacking in China. Through a comprehensive review of the organizational innovation adoption literature published in 15 top foreign management journals over the past 25 years, this paper systematically summarizes the following research contents:
（1）Clarifying the conceptual connotation of organizational innovation adoption. Organizational innovation adoption can be understood as the result of the diffusion of organizational innovation. Specifically, the innovation supply side generates innovative technologies, products, services, and models through incubation, collaboration, and imitation. Through innovation diffusion, the innovation demand side experiences innovation perception, the formation of an adoption attitude, internal evaluation, and adoption decision-making to adopt innovation. In this paper, organizational innovation adoption is defined as the behavior of multi-stage adoption and assimilation of new technologies, new products, new services, and new models driven by technology and market. This behavior is an important means to improve corporate performance and gain competitive advantages in the context of technological change.
（2）Analyzing the theoretical foundation of organizational innovation adoption. The existing theoretical basis includes innovation diffusion theory, institutional theory, resource-based theory, and high-level echelon theory. The theory of innovation diffusion has been widely used to explain the acceptance and adoption behavior of new policies, emerging technologies, and new products between and within enterprises，future studies should distinguish the differentiated effects of innovation adoption among enterprises when considering innovation diffusion. Institutional theory is mainly used to explain how institutions affect the design and adoption of innovation between or within organizations, as well as the consequences of adoption, future studies should further explore how enterprises can maintain differentiated competitive advantages under the same structure of innovation. Resource-based theory is an important theory to explain the relationship between the resources available to an organization and the attitude, motivation, and behavior of innovation adoption. In the future, it can be used to explore how enterprises acquire and utilize innovation through their own resource advantages. The high-level echelon theory reveals the attitude of the composition of managers and the characteristics of team members towards the adoption of organizational innovation, future research can apply the high-level echelon theory to the differential performance of different managers′ characteristics in the adoption of progressive innovation and disruptive innovation.
（3）Establishing an organizational innovation adoption model through drivers, moderators, mediators and outcome factors. a) The research on the antecedents of organizational innovation adoption can be divided into three aspects: technology, organization and environment. b) The research on mediation can be divided into front-end mediation and back-end mediation. From the perspective of cognition and ability, scholars have carried out abundant research on the mediation mechanism before the adoption of organizational innovation, while the research on the mediation mechanism after the adoption is relatively insufficient. c) The existing regulatory mechanisms adopted by organizational innovation can be divided into front-end regulation and back-end regulation, including innovation characteristics, organizational characteristics, environmental characteristics and so on. d) The discussion about the results of organizational innovation adoption mainly focuses on four aspects: enterprise performance, product innovation, competitive advantage and value creation.
（4）Looks into future research directions. a) It is necessary to discuss the different adoption modes of "enabling technology" and "alternative technology", including discuss the heterogeneity of the adoption behavior of the two types of technologies and the derived organizational conflicts, which is of great practical significance to promote the application of emerging technologies. b) Discusses the domestic substitution adoption of the later-developed national key core technologies, including the decisive factors of domestic substitution of emerging technologies and organizational behavior decision-making can be further explored in the future to expand the research context of organizational innovation adoption. c) Discusses the diffusion and adoption of innovation in the business ecosystem, including explore the adoption mechanism and diffusion mechanism of organizational innovation in the ecosystem to enrich the subject of innovation adoption. d) The process and decision of innovation adoption in the industrial chain are discussed, including the antecedents and relationships of different adoption stages.
Key words:organizational innovation adoption; emerging technologies; key core technologies
引用本文：王昶,周依芳,邓婵,等.组织创新采用：研究综述与展望[J].科研管理,2023,44(06):1-10.
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