创新型城市建设对经济增长质量的影响机制研究
张红凤1，黄璐2，张新颖1
（1.山东财经大学公共管理学院，山东 济南250014；
2.山东财经大学经济学院，山东 济南250014)
摘要：创新型城市建设是有效增强自主创新能力、加快经济发展方式转变的重要制度设计，而其实施成效如何亟待验证。基于我国261个城市数据，以创新型城市试点设立为准自然实验，本文采用多期双重差分模型实证检验创新型城市建设对经济增长质量的影响及其内在机制。研究发现：（1）创新型城市建设显著提升经济增长质量，其对城市技术进步和技术效率具有促进作用而对规模效率具有抑制作用，一系列稳健性检验均验证了上述结论；（2）创新型城市建设主要通过投资结构改善和创新激励效应推动技术进步，并通过资源优化配置和产业结构升级作用于技术效率，而行业竞争效应和企业间的进入替代效应是影响规模效率的主要路径；（3）知识产权保护和制度环境改善能够强化创新型城市建设对经济增长质量的提升作用，且该作用在东部地区和行政等级较低城市更强。本研究对我国创新型城市试点的进一步推广，加快进入创新型国家前列具有重要的政策启示。
关键词：创新型城市；经济增长质量；全要素生产率；机制分析
主要研究结论：基于2001—2015年我国261个城市数据，以创新型城市试点政策为准自然实验，本文采用多期双重差分模型检验了创新型城市建设对经济增长质量的影响，并进一步分析了影响机制。研究发现：（1）创新型城市建设显著提升了经济增长质量，就其构成要素来看，其对技术进步和技术效率具有促进作用而对规模效率具有抑制作用。（2）机制分析表明，创新型城市建设主要通过投资结构改善和创新激励效应推动技术进步，并通过资源优化配置和产业结构升级促进技术效率提高，而行业竞争效应和企业间的进入替代效应是负向影响规模效率的主要路径。（3）异质性分析发现，创新型城市建设对东部地区和行政等级较低城市的促进作用更强。调节效应分析发现，知识产权保护和制度环境改善能够强化创新型城市建设对经济增长质量的促进作用。
Research on the influence mechanism of innovative city construction on the quality of economic growth
Zhang Hongfeng1, Huang Lu2, Zhang Xinying1
(1. School of Public Administration and Policy, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China;
2. School of Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China)
Abstract:Since the reform and opening up, China has experienced nearly 40 years of rapid economic growth, made remarkable achievements, and has become the second largest economy in the world. However, there are still many problems in the economic and social development in China, which restrict the improvement of the quality of economic growth. The construction of innovative cities is an important institutional design to effectively enhance the ability of independent innovation and accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development. The significance of the construction of innovative cities lies not only in innovation itself, but also in the transformation of economic development mode and long-term high-quality economic development. In 2008, Shenzhen was established as the first innovative pilot city. By 2022, there are 103 innovative pilot cities in China. The construction of innovative cities in China is a gradual reform process of "urban pilot-central summary-urban promotion". The development process has stage characteristics and gradually shows a trend of transformation from specialization to generalization. Does the construction of innovative cities effectively improve the quality of economic growth based on certain achievements? The exploration of this issue is of great significance for the comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative city construction, the optimization of the development path of innovative cities, and the construction of innovative countries.
Numbers of scholars have discussed the construction of innovative cities. Based on the relevant literature, it is found that the construction of innovative cities has had a wide impact on economic and social development. However, few scholars have explored the heterogeneous impact of innovative city construction on the quality of economic growth and its constituent elements. Further analysis of the internal impact mechanism is also urgently needed to be supplemented. This research focused on the relationship between the construction of innovative cities and the quality of economic growth, providing Chinese empirical evidence for "innovation driven development". Specifically, this research used urban panel data to estimate the impact of innovative city pilot policy on the quality of economic growth through the difference-in-differences (DID) method, and further analyzes its internal mechanism and heterogeneity based on the decomposition of components.
The empirical study found that the construction of innovative cities significantly improves the quality of economic growth, and the construction of innovative cities promotes the technological progress and technological efficiency, but inhibits the scale efficiency of cities. A series of robustness tests have verified the above conclusions. Intellectual property protection and institutional environment improvement can strengthen the role of the construction of innovative cities in improving the quality of economic growth, and this role is stronger in eastern regions and cities with lower administrative levels. The construction of innovative cities mainly promotes technological progress through investment structure improvement and innovation incentive effect, and plays a role in technological efficiency through resource allocation optimization and industrial structure upgrading. The industrial competition effect and the entry substitution effect among enterprises are the main channels for the construction of innovative cities to affect scale efficiency.
This study aims to identify the impact of the construction of innovative cities on the quality of economic growth, deepen the understanding of innovation driven theory, enrich relevant research on China′s public policy evaluation. This study also provides new empirical evidence for "innovation driven development" and how to achieve high-quality economic development in the context of China. From the perspective of decomposition of constituent elements, this study deeply analyzes the theoretical mechanism and action path of the impact of innovative city construction on the quality of economic growth. While affirming the policy effect, this study proposes improvement directions for the future development of innovative cities, which has important policy implications for China to accelerate its entry into the forefront of innovative countries.
Key words:innovative city; quality of economic growth; total factor productivity (TFP); mechanism analysis
引用本文：张红凤,黄璐,张新颖.创新型城市建设对经济增长质量的影响机制研究[J].科研管理,2023,44(07):162-172.
转自：“科研管理”微信公众号
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