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SCI翻译注意事项之介词用法

2024/3/11 10:48:41  阅读:71 发布者:

翻译SCI论文对于英语水平不好的人来说,真是一件十分头疼的问题,要达到母语化的翻译水平,只能靠平时的积累或是找专业的翻译编辑帮忙。小编本次将介绍常用的且易混淆的介词和介词短语的用法,以供大家参考。

在论文中,常用的主要介词如 aboutabovebyforfrominontowith 等和复合介词如 apart fromaway frombecause ofinstead ofout ofregardless ofdue toowing to 等。

介词短语主要有以下几种组合形式:名词+介词,如:access toappeal todelight in,形容词+介词,如 aware ofgood atinterested insimilar to,介词+名词(+介词),如 out of turnon demandin proportion to 等为了对比学习,本节主要介绍几组介词及其用法以及应用中的相关注意事项。

1atonin 表示时间意义的用法区别。at 表示时间的一个点,on 表示具斯的某一天,in 表示在某年、某月。如 at eight o'clockon October 11949on Sundaysin1949in last June

2atonin 表示位置意义的用法区别。at 表示在某一点,on 表示在线和面上,in 表示某一范围大些的地点。

例:

① The substitution takes place at the position of α-carbon atom.

② A thin film was formed on the surface of the plate.

③ The DEAE-Sephacel was eluted with 10 column volumes of a 0—200mmol/L NaCl gradient in the Tris buffer.

另外表示速度用 at

例:The car ran at a speed of 120 miles per hour.

3among between 用法上的区别。两者都是表示之间中间的意,但用法上有区别,前者用于三者以上,后者用于两者之间

例:

① Among all the metalsiron is the most widely used in the daily life.

② What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?

between 用于三者以上,则表示其中每两者之间的相互关系。

:

Early man did not know how to explain the differece betweengases , solids and liquids.

4)当 bywiththrough 表示工具手段时三者才可以互换。

例:

① He crossed the stream by a little bridge.

② They measured the temperature with a new-type instrument.

③ I learnt of the position through a newspaper advertisement.

5byduringtill until 表示时间上的用法区别。By 表示时间点,不与延续性动词连用,during 表示一段持续时间,till until 在肯定句只与延续性动词连用。

例:

① You must be back by four o'clock

② The sun gives us light during the day.

③ They work from 6 o'clock in the morning tilluntil2 o'clock in the afternoon.

6forfromthroughwithout ofbecause ofon account of 等介词表示原因,动机或理由。其中 for out of 主要表达动机。

例:

① The insulant was burned for overheating.

② He has done it from a sense of duty.

③ We lost ourselves through not knowing the way.

④ With such knowledge and experiencehe is sure to succeed.

⑤ The method is quoted out of the literature.

⑥ The compound was prepared out of necessity.

⑦ Alloys are important because of their usefulness in industry.

③ The solution became cloudiness on account of the precipitate formed.

7owing to due to 的用法区别。两者都是介词,但 owing to 是副词性复合介词,可作状语,而 due to 是形容词性复合介词,只能作表语。

例:

① Owing to his careless drivingwe had a bad accident.

② The accident was due to careless driving.

8exceptexcept forbutapart from 等都表示……之外的含义,但在用法上有细节上的差异。其中 except for 后面的所指可与前面所云可非同类,且有美中不足之义,but 不能用于句首,只能用在 noanyevery 等构成的合成词以及 allnone 等词之后,apart from 类似于 besides except for

例:

① All atoms except those of hydrogencontain one or more neutrons in the nuclei.

② This machine is of a new type except for a few shortcomings here and there.

③ They chose none but the best.

④ None but strong acids are suitable for the reaction.

实际上在英语科技论文的撰写过程中,介词的使用既是重点又是难点,因为很多介词都有基本用法,又有许多例外情况,这里介绍的也只是常用介词中有限的几个。真正要掌握好介词的用法除了要熟悉它们的基本用法外,更要牢记它们的固定搭配,只有这样方能自如地、准确地使用介词。

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